Defensins are immune peptides - HDP (Host Defense Peptides) that present high activity against viruses, bacteria and fungi in mammals, including humans. They are an important element of natural resistance in macroorganisms, when microorganisms couldn’t developed this resistance during the evolution. Defensins in vertebrate macroorganisms, have direct and indirect impact on germs, including stimulating the synthesis of immune substances such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.

During the last few years, several types of small regulatory RNA-sRNA have been described, which participate in gene silencing. So far, the largest group of sRNA described is microRNA, which are multifunctional molecules that participate in many physiological and pathological processes in mammals. As it turns out, the molecules are also related to the immune system, and their participation was described in both innate and adaptive immunity.

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