The increase of solid waste production is a general problem in municipality, particularly of plastic waste. The durability, light-weight, anticorrosiveness, and inexpensiveness properties of plastic make it favorable to be used in daily life, including in Salatiga. However, plastic is one of some non-biodegradable materials that could lead to soil and water pollution as it contains toxic compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, and organochlorine. Various studies in municipal solid waste management have been conducted. While those studies often applied various approaches separately, researches in regard to the role of stakeholders in municipal solid waste management are very limited. This study aims to explain the plastic waste management in Salatiga based on the role of the corresponding stakeholders. This qualitative study shows that there are four stakeholders who were involved in municipal plastic waste management in Salatiga. They were the households who generate wastes, the scavengers who sorts the wastes, Bank Sampah and collectors who have the same role in order to collect the wastes and treat the plastic wastes through reusing or recycling processes, and the government. Currently, efforts in waste treatment in Salatiga are focused on the system of collecting-tranferring-disposal mode, waste treatment by reuse and recycle processing, and landfilling. Reducing plastic consumption must take into account the sociocultural aspect and environmental awareness, as the people still interested to use plastic instead of using other materials in substitution. Finally, the role of government is central to educate the community in term of sorting activities and reducing waste production, build the capacity of Bank Sampah, and manage the role of scavengers and collectors. Other alternatives include creating synergy between the collectors and Bank Sampah, as well as ensuring final treatment of the unprocessed wastes disposed by collectors and Bank Sampah.
The policy of sustainable production has encouraged small batik businesses to shift to natural dyes as these are considered eco-friendly. However, the motivation behind juragan batiks' embracing natural dyes still has some question marks attached. This qualitative study explains the motivation of the juragan batiks in using natural colourants in their production of batik warna alam and explores the significance of batik warna alam to juragan batik. We found the production of batik warna alam tended to be triggered by economic reasons not environmental consciousness. This related to the meaning of batik warna alam to maintaining the economic survival of the juragans. Juragans are convinced that batik warna alam is eco-friendly according to the indicators to which they subscribe: (1) the materials are found in their immediate surroundings; (2) the process causes no pollution or environmental destruction; and (3) the production does not pose a health threat to people, including workers. This study provides the insight that an eco-friendly-labelled production might not necessarily be motivated by a high level of environmental consciousness.
The Indonesian batik is a potential product to support the economy of Indonesia. In spite of its potential in supporting the economy of Indonesia, the water pollution caused by batik production by Small & Mediuam Enterprises (SMEs) needs to be addressed, as it leads to water scarcity since the batik production tends to consume a huge quantity of water. This research was conducted to identify key factors that influence water use for batik production among batik craftsmen, and explain those factors using the concept of circular economy. This study was conducted using qualitative method through focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview as data collection strategies and quantitative data collected as secondary data. Our study found that some practices of the batik craftsmen have shown to fit to the circular cycle, although the dischargement of wastewater into waterways still fits to the linear model. Using secondary data, the direct water use for batik production were varies from 3.33 L/pc to 235 L/pc, depending on the craftsmen. If water footprint approach is to be used, the water use will be much higher. Finally, four key factors affecting the water use are discussed in this study and efforts that can be proposed to reduce the ratio water/product as well as maintaining water as a resource, as indicated by circular economy.
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