The estimate of postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the most significant and complex research topics in the field of forensic medicine. Finding convenient, objective, and accurate methods to estimate PMI has always been a problem that urgently needs to be solved. Ocular tissues can be stored for a long time during corpse decomposition due to protection of eyelids, orbital wall, and outer dense connective tissue [1]. Therefore, the use of changes in postmortem ocular tissues in determining PMI has been increasingly recognized by scholars [2-4]. The postmortem corneal becomes cloudy and wrinkled over time due to the gradual degeneration and necrosis of corneal cells, irregular thickening of corneal stroma, and water evaporation [5].
Effects of ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) protein on proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells, as well as its molecular mechanism were investigated. The MCF-7 cell line highly expressed OGR1 was constructed by transient transfection of eukaryotic expression vector using breast cancer cells. At the same time, cells were transfected with empty vector as controls. The effects of highly expressed OGR1 on cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and other abilities were identified. In addition, the effects of highly expressed OGR1 on serine-threonine kinase (AKT), p53 and other genes were studied. It was proved in apoptosis experiment that highly expressed OGR1 protein in breast cancer cells could effectively increase the proportion of apoptosis of cells. Cell proliferation experiment revealed that the growth and proliferation abilities of breast cancer cells with highly expressed OGR1 were inhibited to some extent, compared with those of breast cancer cells with low expression of OGR1. Results of western blotting showed that the gene and protein expression levels of p53 in breast cancer cells with highly expressed OGR1 were increased. There was no significant difference in protein expression of AKT between breast cancer cells with low expression of OGR1 and those with highly expressed OGR1. However, the protein content of phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT) in breast cancer cells with highly expressed OGR1 was lower than that in breast cancer cells with low expression of OGR1. The proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells are influenced by the changes of OGR1 expression, which are correlated with the gene expression levels of AKT and p53 to some extent, but the detailed molecular mechanism requires additional study.
Background: Phellodendron chinense Schneid is an important Chinese herb that contains berberine, phellodendrine, palmatine, and medicinal compounds. The germination rate of Phellodendron chinense Schneid seeds is lower after storage, and the exogenous gibberellin3 (GA3) hormone promotes seed germination, but the mechanism is not cleared. Results: Exogenous GA3 hormone promoted germination of Phellodendron chinense Schneid seeds, elevated germination rates. It also increased the levels of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Moreover, it enhanced the contents of berberine and endogenous GA3, and increased the expression levels of Pc(S)-GA2ox, Pc(S)-GA3ox, and Pc(S)-THBO. However, it reduced the expression level of Pc(S)-ABI5. Furthermore, exogenous GA3 up-regulated the protein levels of DNA guides RNA polymerase β'-subunits, Coffee coenzyme A oxymethyl transferase, and Histone H1. Conclusion: These findings indicated that exogenous GA3 promoted germination of Phellodendron chinense Schneid seeds by regulating the expression levels of phytohormone related genes and anabolic proteins.
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