Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an important pest of citrus. It is an efficient vector of three bacterial pathogens that are the presumptive causal agents of huanglongbing (HLB) or citrus greening disease. The movement patterns and dispersal capabilities of D. citri require study to better understand the spread of HLB and to improve management strategies for D. citri. A recently developed immunomarking technique that uses crude food proteins (chicken egg albumin, bovine casein, and soy protein) was evaluated for marking and tracking movement of D. citri in Florida citrus groves. In general, both egg and milk protein markers exhibited longer residual activity (35 d) than the soy protein marker (20 d) when applied to citrus leaves with a residual activity order of egg> milk > soy protein. However, residues of all three protein markers decreased with a simulated rain; this was more pronounced for soy protein than for egg and milk proteins. Temperature did not significantly affect acquisition of markers by adult D. citri. Egg, milk, and soy protein markers were detected on >90% of adult D. citri for up to 10, 10, and 5 d, respectively, after field application. Addition of tetrasodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (water softener) and/or Silwet L-77 (wetting agent) to marker solutions did not affect longevity of detection. Each of the protein markers was detected on > or =80% of exposed D. citri for up to 30 d after direct application to adults. A field study was conducted to measure movement of D. citri between replicated pairs of 0.4 ha managed and unmanaged citrus plots separated by 60-100 m. Approximately 70% of captured D. citri were found marked 3 d after application of proteins in the field. Using two marker proteins, it was determined that D. citri moved bi-directionally between managed and unmanaged (abandoned) groves within 3 d with a greater number of D. citri adults moving from unmanaged into managed plots than from managed into unmanaged plots (net movement). These data indicate frequent movement by adult D. citri between groves and suggest that unmanaged groves may act as refuge sites for D citri, leading to reinfestation of nearby managed groves.

CSH is associated with a significantly increased risk of infection requiring hospitalization within 1 year following cardiac implantable electronic device surgery. Strategies aimed at reducing hematomas may decrease the long-term risk of infection. (Bridge or Continue Coumadin for Device Surgery Randomized Controlled Trial [BRUISE CONTROL]; NCT00800137).

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The sex pheromone-mediated responses of male oriental fruit moths, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), to an array of blends and dosages of Z8-12Ac and E8-12:Ac, were analyzed. Males exhibited sustained upwind flight resulting in source location only to intermediate blends and dosages. This optimal range of treatments appeared to be bounded by dosages too low or too high to result in significant attraction (net within-plume displacement toward the source), the higher concentrations causing arrestment (no net within-plume displacement) at some distance from the source. Similar results were obtained in field-trapping studies with the same treatments, except that the optimal dosages were moved up about 10-fold. Increased turning and decreased linear velocity could account for arrestment with increasing amounts of the (E) isomer in high dosages and high (E)/(Z) ratio blends.

1 Redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus is an invasive wood boring beetle that has become established in the southeastern U.S.A. and transmits a fungus Raffaelea lauricola that causes lethal laurel wilt. Among susceptible Lauraceae hosts are redbay Persea borbonia and avocado Persea americana. 2 There is a crucial need for detection of this pest as it moves into new areas.Consequently, our goal was to create a better lure for the monitoring and control of redbay ambrosia beetle. 3 We analyzed volatile emissions of R. lauricola, created a synthetic odour blend based on this analysis and tested this odour blend as a potential attractant in a redbay forest infested with X. glabratus. The synthetic Raffaelea odour blend was not attractive to the beetles by itself. However, it synergistically increased attraction to host-mimic volatiles. 4 We tested four commercial release devices for dispensing Raffaelea odour at various release rates. Two prototypes with the highest release rate, when paired with commercial manuka oil lures, captured more beetles than manuka oil lures alone.These results indicate that a synthetic blend of volatiles based on the odour of the symbiotic fungus of X. glabratus may be useful for the development of more sensitive monitoring lures for this invasive pathogen vector.

Knowledge of the inheritance of resistance to pests in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is important to plant breeders. A study was conducted to determine the inheritance of resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in a wheat line, PI 372129, that was previously identified as a good source of RWA resistance. The susceptible wheat cultivars Carson, Lamar, and TAM 107 were crossed with PI 372129. The parents and progenies from these three crosses were artificially infested with RWA in the greenhouse. There was close association between leaf chlorosis and leaf rolling, two components of the RWA damage rating system. Seedling reactions of the F1, F2, and backcross generations indicated that a single dominant gene governs RWA resistance in PI 372129. Data describing the mechanism of RWA resistance of PI 372129 indicate that this gene is probably different from Dnl and Dn2 (identified in PI 137739 and PI 262660, respectively). Reciprocal crosses revealed no evidence of cytoplasmic effects.

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