Sex Pheromone Dosage and Blend Specificity of Response by Oriental Fruit Moth Males

Baker, Thomas C.; Meyer, Wendy L.; Roelofs, Wendell L.

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1981.tb03110.x

Cited by 99 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Unlike many moth species, OFM is not attracted to high concentrations of pheromone (7), and Roelofs et al (29) reported that pheromone traps using rubber septa baited with 200 µg of OFM pheromone caught significantly more males than traps baited with 1, 10 or 1000 µg in peach orchards. Complete arrest of male flight at doses of 1000 µg has been observed (3,33). Therefore, high loading of OFM lures to extend longevity is not an option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

et al. 2006

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

et al. 2006

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“…It is now well established that mate recognition (sensu Paterson, 1978Paterson, , 1982 can be part of the attributes involved in reproductive isolation (Baker et al, 1981;Linn. et al, 1983Linn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to runaway sexual selection: The wallflower paradox

Jong

Sabelis²

1991

J of Evolutionary Biology

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In his mathematical treatment of Fisher's ideas on sexual selection (so-called runaway selection) Lande (1981) predicted that males may evolve increasingly elaborate sexual characters despite opposing viability selection as a consequence of the associated costs.Lande thereby assumed that female mate preferences are not subject to selection since (1) females are all inseminated and (2) the quantity and quality of their offspring are independent of the female's mate preferences. Kirkpatrick (1985) removed the latter assumption and investigated the consequences for the mean phenotype with respect to both female and male traits. He also explored the dynamics of the (co)-variance matrix by numerical methods.In this paper we consider a simpler model with just two multi-allelic loci. This enables us to derive explicit expressions for (co)-variances under steady state conditions. Rather than assume natural selection through differential fertility (as in Kirkpatrick, 1985), we take sexual selection on females into account by modelling the preference-dependent risk that females remain unmated.We argue that this wallflower effect is a realistic feature of any mating system, since it merely depends on the existence of (1) variation in mating preferences and (2) a finite mating season. Our approach provided an insight into the dynamic behaviour of the means of the phenotypes. This is because the dynamics of the means depend on the steady state (co)-variance matrix. Thus, an insight into the former requires explicit expressions for the latter. Whereas Lande and Kirkpatrick predicted runaway processes despite opposing viability selection, our model predicts a globally stable steady state, i.e. no runaway, even without opposing viability selection (under the assumption of an asymptotically stable steady state of the (co)-variances.Admittedly, we have no analytic proof of this stability but only support for it, based on simulations.)The absence of the runaway processes in our model is caused by the wallflower effect, since it imposes constraints on the steady state of the (co)-variance matrix. When mutational input applies to female traits but not to male traits, explicit expressions for the (co) -variances under steady state conditions can be derived, and these show that: (1) both the genetic covariance and the variance of male traits are equal to zero, but (2) the variance of the female trait exceeds zero. Should there be mutational input influencing the male trait, then these results would suggest that the male-to-female ratio of variances is much smaller than unity. This prediction is of tremendous importance for speciation through founding events.

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“…In studies by Baker and Carde (1979), Baker et al (1981), and Roelofs (1981a, 1983a), the flight behavior of individual male G. molesta in a horizontal wind tunnel was observed. In some of the studies, the ratio of components and % ACTIVATION AND UPWIND FLIGHT Figure 5.…”

Section: Response Profiles To Blends and Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Increasing the proportion of (E) isomer from 6 to 10% (E), caused significant arrestment of upwind flight within the plume apparently due to increased turning and decreased linear velocity. This suggested that the (E) isomer may function as a "turning" component, which may explain what happens when the "arrestment threshold" is reached (Baker and Roelofs, 1981) either with too and Roelofs, 1983).…”

Section: Response Profiles To Blends and Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 96%