The spread of COVID-19 is accelerating. At present, there is no specific antiviral drugs for COVID-19 outbreak. This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection pneumonia from 3 hospitals in Hubei and Guangdong province, 141 adults (aged !18 years) without ventilation were included. Combined group patients were given Arbidol and IFN-a2b, monotherapy group patients inhaled IFN-a2b for 10e14 days. Of 141 COVID-19 patients, baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between combined group and monotherapy group, that 30% of the patients leucocytes counts were below the normal range and 36.4% of the patients experienced lymphocytopenia. The duration of viral RNA of respiratory tract in the monotherapy group was not longer than that in the combined therapy group. There was no significant differences between two groups. The absorption of pneumonia in the combined group was faster than that in the monotherapy group. We inferred that Arbidol/IFN-2 b therapy can be used as an effective method to improve the COVID-19 pneumonia of mild patients, although it helpless with accelerating the virus clearance. These results should be verified in a larger prospective randomized environment.

TransCirc (https://www.biosino.org/transcirc/) is a specialized database that provide comprehensive evidences supporting the translation potential of circular RNAs (circRNAs). This database was generated by integrating various direct and indirect evidences to predict coding potential of each human circRNA and the putative translation products. Seven types of evidences for circRNA translation were included: (i) ribosome/polysome binding evidences supporting the occupancy of ribosomes onto circRNAs; (ii) experimentally mapped translation initiation sites on circRNAs; (iii) internal ribosome entry site on circRNAs; (iv) published N-6-methyladenosine modification data in circRNA that promote translation initiation; (v) lengths of the circRNA specific open reading frames; (vi) sequence composition scores from a machine learning prediction of all potential open reading frames; (vii) mass spectrometry data that directly support the circRNA encoded peptides across back-splice junctions. TransCirc provides a user-friendly searching/browsing interface and independent lines of evidences to predicte how likely a circRNA can be translated. In addition, several flexible tools have been developed to aid retrieval and analysis of the data. TransCirc can serve as an important resource for investigating the translation capacity of circRNAs and the potential circRNA-encoded peptides, and can be expanded to include new evidences or additional species in the future.

Programmable RNA editing enables rewriting gene expression without changing genome sequences. Current tools for specific RNA editing dependent on the assembly of guide RNA into an RNA/protein complex, causing delivery barrier and low editing efficiency. We report a new gRNA-free system, RNA editing with individual RNA-binding enzyme (REWIRE), to perform precise base editing with a single engineered protein. This artificial enzyme contains a human-originated programmable PUF domain to specifically recognize RNAs and different deaminase domains to achieve efficient A-to-I or C-to-U editing, which achieved 60–80% editing rate in human cells, with a few non-specific editing sites in the targeted region and a low level off-target effect globally. The RNA-binding domain in REWIREs was further optimized to improve editing efficiency and minimize off-target effects. We applied the REWIREs to correct disease-associated mutations and achieve both types of base editing in mice. As a single-component system originated from human proteins, REWIRE presents a precise and efficient RNA editing platform with broad applicability.

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To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on evaluating the performance of mNGS using cfDNA and RNA from body fluid and blood samples for diagnosing neonatal infections. mNGS of RNA and cfDNA can achieve the unbiased detection and identification of trace pathogens from different kinds of neonatal body fluid and blood samples with a high total coincidence rate (226/331; 68.3%) against final clinical diagnoses by sample. The best timing for mNGS detection in neonatal infections ranged from 1 to 3 days, rather than 0 days, after the start of continuous antimicrobial therapy.

Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has not been contained. It is a safe and effective way to detect infected persons in chest X‐ray (CXR) images based on deep learning methods. To solve the above problem, the dual‐path multi‐scale fusion (DMFF) module and dense dilated depth‐wise separable (D3S) module are used to extract shallow and deep features, respectively. Based on these two modules and multi‐scale spatial attention (MSA) mechanism, a lightweight convolutional neural network model, MSA‐DDCovidNet, is designed. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the MSA‐DDCovidNet model on COVID‐19 CXR images is as high as 97.962%, In addition, the proposed MSA‐DDCovidNet has less computation complexity and fewer parameter numbers. Compared with other methods, MSA‐DDCovidNet can help diagnose COVID‐19 more quickly and accurately.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease with an unclear pathogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the function and potential mechanisms of TUG1 in IPF progression. Cell viability and migration were detected by CCK-8 and transwell assays. Autophagy, fibrosis, or EMT-related proteins were measured by Western blotting. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA kits. The subcellular localization of TUG1 was observed by FISH assay. RIP assay detected the interaction between TUG1 and CDC27. TUG1 and CDC27 was up-regulated in TGF-β1-induced RLE-6TN cells. TUG1 depletion suppressed pulmonary fibrosis via attenuating inflammation, EMT, inducing autophagy and inactivating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo. TUG1 knockdown prevented CDC27 expression. TUG1 silencing ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis by reducing CDC27 expression and inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.

BackgroundTo enhance awareness of the clinical features and prevention of endotracheal myiasis.Case presentationA case of intratracheal myiasis is reported. A 61-year-old male patient with a history of laryngectomy was admitted to hospital due to tracheostomal hemorrhage of 3 h duration. Intratracheal myiasis was confirmed by bronchoscopy, and the patient underwent bronchoscopic intervention, which was complicated by a tracheal-esophageal fistula and resolved by endotracheal stenting. Twenty months after stent placement, the fistula had not healed.ConclusionIntratracheal myiasis has serious complications and is difficult to treat. For post-tracheostomy patients, healthcare providers and caregivers should pay attention to the care and monitoring of wounds and maintenance of a tidy, clean living environment to prevent intratracheal myiasis.