RESUMO A cultura da goiaba apresenta perdas em torno de 40 a 60% na pós-colheita relacionadas a problemas fitossanitários, como a antracnose causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Pesquisas com métodos alternativos utilizando indutores de resistência têm sido bastante promissoras na busca de produtos com alto potencial no controle de patógenos em pós-colheita. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os indutores de resistência no controle da antracnose e seus efeitos na qualidade físico-química em frutos de goiabeira ‘Paluma’. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: Agro-mós®, Ecolife®, Fosfitonova K®, Cuprogarb 500®, Rocksil® e testemunha (água destilada esterilizada). Realizou-se o teste in vitro, com discos de colônia de C. gloeosporioides (0,45 cm de diâmetro) com sete dias de cultivo e, postos em meio de cultura BDA acrescidos com os indutores. Foi determinada a porcentagem de inibição do crescimento micelial de C. gloeosporioides. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado com frutos de goiabeira variedade Paluma, desinfestados e tratados com indutores. Em seguida, discos de colônia do C. gloeosporioides foram inoculados e do primeiro ao oitavo dia após a inoculação, foram feitas avaliações do diâmetro das lesões nos frutos. As análises pós-colheita foram realizadas, avaliando a perda de massa fresca, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez titulável (AT), razão SST/AT e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH). Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcela subdivididas 6x8 (tratamentos x período de avaliação) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os indutores Agro-mos®, Ecolife®, Fosfitonova K®, Cuprogarb 500® e Rocksil® inibiram o crescimento micelial do C. gloeosporioides in vitro, reduziram o diâmetro das lesões e mantiveram a qualidade pós-colheita em frutos de goiabeira ‘Paluma’.
Ananas comosus (L) Merril var. comosus is the most important fruit segment in Brazil. In Paraíba, the occurrence of fusariosis is associated with humidity, light and temperature, important factors for the reproduction and dissemination of Fusarium spp. The aim of the study was to evaluate mycelial growth and sporulation of F. spp. under different cultivation conditions. The 10 isolates were grown at different temperatures, luminosities and a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) culture medium. Mycelial growth was measured with a ruler graduated in centimeters (cm), at 24-hour intervals, for six days. Conidial production was also quantified with the aid of a Neubauer chamber (x 10 5 conidia/mL). The design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement (3x3x10) and 15 repetitions. The averages were compared by Scott-Knott (p ≤ 0.05) in the statistical program R. At temperatures of 15 and 35 °C, in all light regimes, there was no stimulus for the production of mycelial when the ten isolates were evaluated, with the exception of the temperature of 35 °C, in the alternating light regime, which obtained. At a temperature of 25 °C, isolates 5 and 10 stood out from the others in the mycelial growth of F. spp., with isolates that produced low and medium mycelium production. For the production of conidia, the temperature of 15 °C, in the three light regimes, a small production of conidia (x 10 5 /mL) was observed, at the temperature of 25 °C in the light and continuous dark regimes, there was a greater production of conidia (x 10 5 /mL) in isolates 5 and 20 in relation to the other isolates, already in the alternating light regime, all isolates obtained a high production of conidia (x 10 5 /mL). At a temperature of 35 °C, with continuous light and dark regimes and alternating light for isolates 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7, they presented an average production, whereas isolates 5, 6, 8, 9 and 19 obtained high productions conidia (x 10 5 /mL) of F. spp. The recommended culture conditions for mycelial growth and multiplication of Fusarium spp. are the alternating light regime and temperature of 25 °C.
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