BackgroundThe volume doubling time (VDT) of breast cancer was most frequently calculated using the two‐dimensional (2D) diameter, which is not reliable for irregular tumors. It was rarely investigated using three‐dimensional (3D) imaging with tumor volume on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).PurposeTo investigate the VDT of breast cancer using 3D tumor volume assessment on serial breast MRIs.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsSixty women (age at diagnosis: 57 ± 10 years) with breast cancer, assessed by two or more breast MRI examinations. The median interval time was 791 days (range: 70–3654 days).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, fast spin‐echo T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), single‐shot echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and gradient echo dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging.AssessmentThree radiologists independently reviewed the morphological, DWI, and T2WI features of lesions. The whole tumor was segmented to measure the volume on contrast‐enhanced images. The exponential growth model was fitted in the 11 patients with at least three MRI examinations. The VDT of breast cancer was calculated using the modified Schwartz equation.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Chi‐squared test, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Fleiss kappa coefficients. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The exponential growth model was evaluated using the adjusted R2 and root mean square error (RMSE).ResultsThe median tumor diameter was 9.7 mm and 15.2 mm on the initial and final MRI, respectively. The median adjusted R2 and RMSE of the 11 exponential models were 0.97 and 15.8, respectively. The median VDT was 540 days (range: 68–2424 days). For invasive ductal carcinoma (N = 33), the median VDT of the non‐luminal type was shorter than that of the luminal type (178 days vs. 478 days). On initial MRI, breast cancer manifesting as a focus or mass lesion showed a shorter VDT than that of a non‐mass enhancement (NME) lesion (median VDT: 426 days vs. 665 days).Data ConclusionA shorter VDT was observed in breast cancer manifesting as focus or mass as compared to an NME lesion.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Background: Chronic prostatitis is hard to be identified in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients in clinical works. This study aimed to diagnose chronic prostatitis in BPH patients by noninvasive methods.Methods: The research was carried out on the BPH patients who received transurethral resection of prostate at Xinhua hospital from January 2014 to Jul 2015. Before operation, patients were asked for medical history and required to receive physical examination, serum sample collection including PSA, sex hormones, inflammatory cytokines, metabolic panel and transrectal ultrasonography. According to histological results, the patients were divided into 2 group of BPH with/without prostatitis. Logistic regression was used to find the risk factors of chronic prostatitis.Results: As a result, 181 men with an average age of 72.15±8.41 years were enrolled in this study, including 116 patients with prostatitis and 65 patients without prostatitis. The storage sub-score (9.24±1.55 vs 8.52±1.63, p=0.009), PSA (8.23±7.69 vs 4.92±3.84, p=0.005) and IL-2R (531.96±200.75 vs 434.11±153.54, p=0.001) were significantly higher in patients with prostatitis than those without prostatitis. Based on logistic regression analysis, the above three parameters were also the risk factors of BPH with prostatitis. The diagnostic model was calculated as: 0.317* storage sub-score+0.092* PSA+0.003* IL-2R-4.296. The AUC was 0.725. Conclusions: Histological prostatitis in BPH patients can be diagnosed by the combination of serum IL-2R, PSA and storage sub-score. Identification of chronic prostatitis among patients with BPH is beneficial for medical decisions, which can more efficiently alleviate urinary symptoms and reduce the risk of disease progression.
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