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The archaeal phylum Woesearchaeota, within the DPANN superphylum, includes phylogenetically diverse microorganisms that inhabit various environments. Their biology is poorly understood due to the lack of cultured isolates. Here, we analyze datasets of Woesearchaeota 16S rRNA gene sequences and metagenome-assembled genomes to infer global distribution patterns, ecological preferences and metabolic capabilities. Phylogenomic analyses indicate that the phylum can be classified into ten subgroups, termed A–J. While a symbiotic lifestyle is predicted for most, some members of subgroup J might be host-independent. The genomes of several Woesearchaeota, including subgroup J, encode putative [FeFe] hydrogenases (known to be important for fermentation in other organisms), suggesting that these archaea might be anaerobic fermentative heterotrophs.

Health and well-being have become important dimensions of urban sustainability, particularly in countries with rapid urbanization and aging populations. As such, providing opportunities for physical activity and exercise has become a priority in the planning and governance of Healthy City in these countries. Relatively little research has investigated the provision of sports facilities in developing countries. This paper seeks to address this gap by exploring the spatial and social inequality of sports facilities at the urban scale using Nanning City in South China as a case study. Spatial aggregate analyses, including an allocation index, accessibility, diversity, and geographically weighted regression, were applied to mixed data sets from primary and secondary sources from 2018. The results confirmed a strong inequality of sports facilities provision across the study area and between age groups. This study suggests that the reduction of inequality and the improvement of equity and social justice should consider the spatial and social matches between demand and supply, through increasing sports facilities investment intensity and road network density.

Comparative analysis of 162 (nearly) complete genomes of Asgard archaea, including 75 not reported previously, substantially expands the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of the superphylum Asgard, with six additional phyla proposed. Phylogenetic analysis of universally conserved genes does not strongly support the origin of eukaryotes from within Asgard but rather, leans towards a three-domain topology, with eukaryotes branching outside archaea. Using sensitive methods for protein domains detection on the extended set of Asgard genomes results in a major expansion of the set of homologs of eukaryote signature proteins (ESPs). However, almost all Asgard ESPs show patchy phyletic distributions, large variations in the number of paralogs and variable domain architectures, suggestive of highly dynamic evolution via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), gene loss, gene duplication and domain shuffling. The results appear to be best compatible with an evolutionary scenario in which the conserved core of eukaryote genes involved in informational processes originates from an as yet unknown ancestral lineage deep within or outside the currently characterized archaeal diversity. Such hypothetical ancestors could have accumulated components of the mobile archaeal 'eukaryome' via extensive HGT, eventually, giving rise to eukaryote-like cells. Our reconstruction of the metabolic networks for the extant and ancestral Asgard archaea reveals three distinct lifestyles, anaerobic heterotrophy, facultative aerobic heterotrophy, and chemolithotrophy, and suggests that the common ancestor of Asgard archaea was an acetogenic myxotroph capable of both production and consumption of hydrogen. These findings could be best compatible with different versions of the syntrophic hypothesis for eukaryogenesis, depending on the exact relationship between Asgard and eukaryotes.

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