Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract. This study also investigated phytochemical analysis of the extract and improvement in the islet of Langerhans.Methods: Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were evaluated using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats devided into five groups, that are normal group, control group that induced by alloxan 125 mg/kg body weight and given CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), and three treatment group that induced by alloxan and given Annona muricata leaf ethanol extract (AMLEE) with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose and total cholesterol levels were measured before and after alloxan induction, and 21 d after AMLEE treatment. At the end of the study, all of the animals experiment were sacrificed for histopathological examination.Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols and phenols were present in ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf. At the end of the study, blood glucose and total cholesterol levels in all AMLEE treated group were decreased significantly (p<0.05). Final blood glucose level in the groups that given AMLEE 50 mg/kg body weight (86.7±14.6 mg/dl) was almost the same with that of the normal group (91.25±28.38 mg/dl). The result of the histopathological examination is not showed an improvement of the islet of Langerhans in AMLEE treated groups. Conclusion:In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaf have hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, there was no improvement in the islet of Langerhans damage.

Objective: This research elaborated role of alpha mangostin and xanthone on fasting blood glucose, insulin and langerhans islet in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Methods: Fasting blood glucose, insulin and langerhans islet test were conducted using male Mus musculus mice, divided into 10 groups randomly, which were normal, control (alloxan induced only), glibenclamide, various doses of α-mangostin and xanthone (5, 10, 20 mg/kgbw). Mice were treated for 21 days. Overnight-fasted mice (12 h) were sacrificed by cervical decapitation on day 21 st , following the ethical norms granted by the ethics committee. Fasting blood glucose and insulin plasma were checked. Pancreatic tissues were excised from sacrificed animals, and then fixed in 10 % (v/v) neutral buffered formalin. Histologic observations for Langerhans area were performed after staining using Gomori staining method. Results: The effects of alpha mangostin and xanthone on fasting blood glucose different significantly to control, and were not significantly different from glibenclamide and metformin. Increasing alpha mangostin/xanthone dose from 5 mg/kgbw to 20 mg/bw also did not cause significant differences, although the best results were obtained at a dose of 20 mg/kgbw. Insulin plasma analize showed that there were no significant difference between alpha mangostin/xanthone to normal group, except xanthone 10 mg/kgbw. Langerhans area showed significant difference between alpha mangostin/xanthone to control group. But there's still had significant difference if we compare to glibenclamid/metformin group. Conclusion: Alpha mangostin and xanthone are two substances that showed antidiabetic effect on fasting blood glucose level, insulin plasma and Langerhans islet.

Objective: This research elaborated role of alpha mangostin and xanthone on insulin resistance and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)-γ by measuring blood glucose level and PPAR- γ expression on adipocyte cell culture. Methods: Insulin tolerance test were conducted using male wistar rat divided into 9 groups, which were normal, control (D-Glucose induced only), glibenclamide, various doses of a-mangostin and xanthone (5, 10, 20 mg/kgbw). All group induced by D-glucose 3 g/kg orally 30 minutes later. Blood glucose levels changes were observed at 90th and 150th minute. While other study observed PPAR-γ expression on adipocyte cell culture that treated with a-mangostin/xanthone/pioglitazone in various concentration. Results: KITT in all treatment groups were significantly different (p<0.05) when compared to the positive control group, except xanthone 5 mg/kgbw. This suggests that a-mangostin 5, 10 and 20 mg/kgbw, xanthone 10 and 20 mg/kgbw, as well as metformin, have the effect of lowering insulin resistance in white rats given a 10-day fatty emulsion. Almost similar with thiazolinedione, alpha mangostin and xanthone increase PPAR-g expression in adipocyte when the concentration bigger. But xanthone effect not as good as α-mangostin or thiazolinedione effect. Conclusion: Alpha mangostin and xanthone are two substances that showed potential effect to improve insulin tolerance by increasing PPAR-g in adipocyte.

Endometriosis is one of common gynecologic disease that mostly founded in reproductive age. The Presence of abnormal endometrial tissues, decreasing quality of life to patients due to pain like dysmenorrhea. The diagnosed can be found based on clinical appearance by laparoscopic method as the gold standard of diagnosing this case. This study was conducted to describe the patient's endometriosis with clinical symptom and results of laparoscopic in RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung from 2016 to 2018. This descriptive study recruit 100 samples. Data of age collected from secondary data. The data was grouped then processed and presented in tubular form. Most of them here are within reproductive age in 30-34 yars of age at 28%, are mostly nulliparous 73%, with most clinical symptoms of dysmenorrhoea in 74%, and the most common location were to be found within ovarium as much as 85%. According to the study, we can describe that reproductive age and nulliparous were the most dominant characteristic, and most of the clinical symptom are referring to dysmenorrhoea and most anatomical location are within ovarium.