GLE could decrease the plasma level of vWF, raise the plasma NO level and improve the endothelium dependent vascular dilating function in DN patients.
The assessment of embryo viability for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is mainly based on subjective visual analysis, with the limitation of intra- and inter-observer variation and a time-consuming task. In this study, we used deep learning with large dataset of microscopic embryo images to develop an automated grading system for embryo assessment. This study included a total of 171,239 images from 16,201 embryos of 4,146 IVF cycles at Stork Fertility Center (https://www.e-stork.com.tw) from March 6, 2014 to April 13, 2018. The images were captured by inverted microscope (Zeiss Axio Observer Z1) at 112 to 116 hours (Day 5) or 136 to 140 hours (Day 6) after fertilization. Using a pre-trained network trained on the ImageNet dataset as convolution base, we applied Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on embryo images, using ResNet50 architecture to fine-tune ImageNet parameters. The predicted grading results was compared with the grading results from trained embryologists to evaluate the model performance. The images were labeled by trained embryologists, based on Gardner’s grading system: blastocyst development ranking from 3–6, ICM quality as A, B, or C; and TE quality as a, b, or c. After pre-processing, the images were divided into training, validation, and test groups, in which 60% were allocated to the training group, 20% to the validation group, and 20% to the test group. The ResNet50 algorithm was trained on the 60% images allocated to the training group, and the algorithm’s performance was evaluated using the 20% images allocated to the test group. The results showed an average predictive accuracy of 75.36% for the all three grading categories: 96.24% for blastocyst development, 91.07% for ICM quality, and 84.42% for TE quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of an automatic embryo grading system using large dataset from Asian population. Combing the promising results obtained in this study with time-lapse microscope system integrated with IVF Electronic Medical Record platform, a fully automated and non-invasive pipeline for embryo assessment will be achieved.
Background. In the past several years, there has been an increasing concern on miscarriage caused by endometriosis or adenomyosis. However, the results reported by different studies remain controversial. The present study is aimed at assessing the impact of endometriosis and adenomyosis on miscarriage. Materials and Methods. Searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library for studies published from inception until February 29, 2020. The investigators included studies that evaluated miscarriage risk in pregnant women with endometriosis or adenomyosis by assisted reproductive technology (ART), or with spontaneous conception (SC). Miscarriage (<28 weeks) was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were antepartum hemorrhage (APH), postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), preterm birth, low birthweight, placenta praevia, placental abruption, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Endnote was used for the study collection, and the data analyses were carried out by two authors using Review Manager version 5.2. Results. Thirty-nine studies, which is comprised of 697,984 women, were included in the present study. Miscarriage risk increased in women with endometriosis in SC (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.44-2.28, I 2 = 96 % ) compared with those without endometriosis, while women with endometriosis who underwent ART had a similar miscarriage risk, when compared to those with tubal infertility (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.92-1.14, I 2 = 0 % ). Compared with those without adenomyosis, women with adenomyosis had an augmented miscarriage risk in ART (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.44-5.47, I 2 = 64 % ). Compared with those without endometriosis, women with endometriosis had higher odds of APH, PPH, preterm birth, stillbirth, and placenta praevia. No difference was observed in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birthweight, and IUGR. Conclusion. Women with endometriosis had an augmented miscarriage risk in SC and a similar miscarriage risk during ART. Adenomyosis was associated with miscarriage in pregnant women using ART.
could also regulate VEGF signaling, toll-like reporter signaling, NF-kB signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, and the HIF-1 signaling pathway, among others. Synergies often exist in herb pairs and herbal prescriptions. In conclusion, we identified some important targets, target pairs, and regulatory networks, using bioinformatics and data mining. The combination of data mining and network pharmacology may offer an efficient method for drug discovery and development from herbal medicines.
Endometriosis is caused by the growth or infiltration of endometrial tissues outside of the endometrium and myometrium. Symptoms include pain and infertility. Surgery and hormonal therapy are widely used in Western medicine for the treatment of endometriosis; however, the side effects associated with this practice include disease recurrence and menopause, which can severely influence quality of life. Angiogenesis is the main biological mechanism underlying the development of endometriosis. Numerous natural products and Chinese medicines with potent anti-angiogenic effects have been investigated, and the molecular basis underlying their therapeutic effects in endometriosis has been explored. This review aims to describe natural products and compounds that suppress angiogenesis associated with endometriosis and to assess their diverse molecular mechanisms of action. Furthermore, this review provides a source of information relating to alternative and complementary therapeutic products that mediate anti-angiogenesis. An extensive review of the literature and electronic databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Embase, was conducted using the keywords ‘endometriosis,' ‘traditional Chinese medicine,' ‘Chinese herbal medicine,' ‘natural compounds,' and ‘anti-angiogenic' therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy is an emerging strategy for the treatment of endometriosis. Natural anti-angiogenic products and Chinese medicines provide several beneficial clinical effects, including pain relief. In this review, we summarize clinical trials and experimental studies of endometriosis using natural products and Chinese medicines. In particular, we focus on anti-angiogenic products and alternative and complementary medicines for the treatment of endometriosis and additionally examine their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action. Anti-angiogenic natural products and/or compounds provide a new approach for the treatment of endometriosis. Future work will require randomized trials with larger numbers of subjects, as well as long-term follow-up to confirm the findings described here.
IntroductionPleiotropy describes the genetic effect of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits. Gene variants directly affect the normal processes of a series of physiological and biochemical reactions, and therefore cause a variety of diseases traits to be changed accordingly. Moreover, a shared genetic susceptibility mechanism may exist between different diseases. Therefore, shared genes, with pleiotropic effects, are important to understand the sharing pathogenesis and hence the mechanisms underlying comorbidity.MethodsIn this study, we proposed combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and public knowledge databases to search for potential pleiotropic genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and eight other related diseases. Here, a GWAS-based network analysis is used to recognize risk genes significantly associated with RA. These RA risk genes are re-extracted as potential pleiotropic genes if they have been proved to be susceptible genes for at least one of eight other diseases in the OMIM or PubMed databases.ResultsIn total, we extracted 116 potential functional pleiotropic genes for RA and eight other diseases, including five hub pleiotropic genes, BTNL2, HLA-DRA, NOTCH4, TNXB, and C6orf10, where BTNL2, NOTCH4, and C6orf10 are novel pleiotropic genes identified by our analysis.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that pleiotropy is a common property of genes associated with disease traits. Our results ascertained the shared genetic risk profiles that predisposed individuals to RA and other diseases, which could have implications for identification of molecular targets for drug development, and classification of diseases.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0715-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Surgery is the primary curative treatment for patients with nonmetastasized colorectal cancer (CRC). Rate of complications, morbidity, mortality, and overall survival of patients with CRC are factors associated with speed of recovery following surgery. Wuda granule (WD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription used to promote rapid recovery after surgery. However, the specific mechanism of action of WD has not been characterized. Our study included 60 patients with clear histopathological evidence of colon or rectal cancer who underwent CRC laparoscopic surgery and 30 healthy individuals. Serum biochemistry and clinical evaluation of gastrointestinal function showed that WD could improve the nutritional status and gastrointestinal function and reduce the level of inflammation of patients with CRC following laparoscopic surgery. In addition, we used UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis to determine the mechanism of WD-related rapid recovery following laparoscopic surgery in patients with CRC. Twenty metabolites associated with arachidonic acid, alanine, aspartate and glutamate, α-linolenic acid, pyruvate, histidine, and glycerophospholipids were identified. The results suggested that the therapeutic mechanism of laparoscopic surgery combined with WD may be related to regulation of nutritional status, inflammation, immune function, energy, and gastrointestinal function in patients with CRC. This study also highlighted the ability of TCM compounds to interact with multiple targets to induce synergistic effects. This study may result in further studies of WD as a therapeutic agent to promote recovery following surgical resection of CRC tumors.
To study the effect of large blood vessels on the temperature field in invasive microwave ablation, a finite element method was applied based on the convective-type boundary condition on the interface between tissues and blood flow. Whether a large blood vessel is outside of or involved in the lesion area will affect the 54 degrees C effective therapeutic area in different critical conditions. This paper drew the function diagraph on the distance between blood vessel and antenna with the diameter of the blood vessel and put forward the concept of effective therapy radius. It can be used to study the influence of large vessels on the external boundary of the coagulation area and can be used as a theoretical basis to help to decide whether to occlude the large vessels before microwave ablation therapy.
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