This paper attempts to verify the "inverted U" effect of the income gap on the total factor productivity (TFP) of the country or region by constructing a theoretical model that includes income effects and substitution effects. Based on this, this paper uses the multinational panel data of 53 countries in the world from 1995 to 2014 for empirical research. The research shows that: (1) the income gap has an "inverted U-shaped" effect on the national TFP, and the inflection point is located at about 0.269; (2) The income gap is also verified by the "inverted U" influence mechanism of the national TFP by affecting the income effect and the substitution effect; (3) The difference in the development stage determines that countries should adopt an income distribution policy that is compatible with their own country. The conclusions of this paper strengthen the confidence and determination to improve the supply system and promote regional innovation, and confirm the necessity of promoting global economic restructuring and achieving global inclusive development to a certain extent.
Based on the traditional "EKC" theory, this paper re -examines the impact of urban-rural income disparity on regional pollution and its mechanism by using panel data of Chinese cities at prefecture level and above from 2005-2015, combining demand scale and human capital perspectives. The results show that the urban -rural income gap has a significant "inverted U-shaped" trend on urban pollution. Both the scale of demand and human capital are the main mechanisms influencing t he environmental pollution effect of urban -rural income gap, and the marginal pollution effects of both are "first negative and then positive" along with the widening of urban -rural income gap. The pollution effects of urban-rural income disparity have significant spatial correlation both nationally and within regions. The intensity of environmental regulations is an important factor affecting the urban -rural income gap, and has a significant "positive U-shaped" effect on regional pollution through the urban-rural income gap.
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