A popular food in China, soybean seeds and sprouts contained many biologically active substances which are beneficial to the human body, such as flavonoids. Northeast of China is the main producing area of soybean. The experimental materials came from the main soybean producing areas in Northeast China, this study compared flavonoids of two China cultivars of soybeans, Heinong52(HN52) and Heinong71(HN71). Here, we also considered the effects of germination on the chemical profile of flavonoids. Using a LC–ESI–MS/MS system, 114 differential flavonoid metabolites were identified. A total of 18 metabolites were significantly different between the two soybean varieties before germination, of which 14 were up-regulated and 4 were down-regulated. After germination, 33 significantly different metabolites were found in the two soybean sprouts, of which 19 were up-regulated and 14 were down-regulated. These experimental results revealed significant up-regulation of metabolites in soybean sprouts compared with soybean seeds, thus suggesting that soybean germination may increase content of flavonoid metabolites. There are six main pathways for the synthesis of flavonoids: isoflavonoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids. Soybean seeds lack flavone and flavanol biosynthesis and develop the capacity for this biosynthetic pathway after germination as sprouts. Isoflavonoid biosynthesis is the most abundantly utilized pathway.
The relationship between membrane damage, leakage of intracellular compounds, and inactivation of Escherichia coli treated by pressurized CO2 was investigated by assessing the inactivation, bacterial cell membrane permeability, the leakage of protein, nucleic acid, and K(+) and Mg(2+) of E. coli. The results indicated that pressurized CO2 treatment induced the leakage of protein in E. coli, but the time of leakage was lagged behind the time of 99% E. coli inactivation, so it was only the secondary phenomenon of inactivation. The inactivation of E. coli was related to the leakage of nucleic acid, K(+) , Mg(2+) induced by the pressurized CO2 treatment. There was direct relationship between the inactivation of E. coli and the damaging effect of pressurized CO2 treatment on the cell membrane of E. coli.
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