The hydrogenation of maleic anhydride to succinic anhydride was carried out over Ni/Al 2 O 3 -HY catalysts. The catalysts, which contained 3-30 wt % Ni, were prepared via a kneading method. The catalysts were characterized by an array of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H 2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The nature of the Ni species on the support, and their interaction with the support, were studied. XRD and TPR studies showed that nickel was present as Ni 2+ and Ni 3+ species on the support, and that there was no elemental nickel (Ni 0 ) in the unreduced samples. Pretreatment using pure H 2 at different temperatures affected the reactivity. Pretreatment at 350 °C for 3 h was the best among the conditions tested.
PtNi bimetallic and Ni monometallic catalysts supported on were prepared and evaluated for the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride in the temperature range of 40-150°C. Results from flow reactor studies showed that supports strongly affected the catalytic properties of different bimetallic and monometallic catalysts. The results showed that the HY-Al 2 O 3 support exhibited the highest activity and selectivity. Using NiPt/ Al 2 O 3 -HY catalyst and performing the reaction, it was possible to carry out the lowest reaction temperature ever carried at 100% conversion. Adding a small amount of Pt (0.5) to the Ni (5%)/Al 2 O 3 -HY catalyst that is effective for increasing the selectivity and activity. We also found that PtNi is an efficient catalyst for the one-pot conversion of maleic acid into succinic acid with 100% conversion at 40°C.
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