is the area which undertakes high-intensity planting activities. Additionally, the soil environmental capacity has been a hot area of research as it plays a key role in environmental protection planning, environmental impact assessment and sustainable development. In this paper, the static model of soil environmental capacity is employed to investigate the distribution of residual soil environmental capacity in Wenjiang. The results show that the soil environmental capacity of mercury is the largest for industrial land while it is the lowest in garlic-rice planting areas; the soil environmental capacity of arsenic is the largest in city construction land while it is the lowest in ecological conservation zone; the soil environmental capacity of lead is the largest in city construction land while it is the lowest in garlic-rice planting areas; and the soil environmental capacity of chromium is the largest in city construction land while it is the lowest in garlic-rice planting areas.

Traditional rainwater harvesting systems have seen a shift of emphasis in recent years. While recognizing its social, economic and environmental contributions, sustainable use in a modern context can be vulnerable. Through a case study, this study focuses on the long-term sustainability of water cellars in traditional villages if reliable piped water is introduced. The aim is to discern the factors and renovation methods that influence residents’ willingness to continue using these water cellars. The results show that the overall willingness to use them is very low. However, regardless of their continued use or non-use, only a few residents would landfill them. Most residents were interested in their renovation, especially regarding simplifying rainwater harvesting methods. In addition, the management time for rainwater harvesting and heritage identity is positively correlated with the willingness for sustainable use; conversely, the identification of the environmental contribution has no positive correlation. Given these findings, we propose carrying out effective renovation that changes the rainwater catchment surface to roofs and increases residents’ awareness that water cellars can only be heritage if they are in use. By defining the long-term sustainability of a water cellar, this study shows how a quantitative approach focusing on heritage users can offer important insights into a constructive evolution rather than a destructive reconstruction under the influence of modernization. Finally, this study provides planners and water resource managers with effective, sustainable management practices for water cellars as well as similar systems in a historical context.

In this study, we use the integrated concept of the "historical water supply facility" to advance the regional characterization of point-like facilities. Eighteen villages in eastern Shanxi Province, which has a typical semi-arid climate, were taken as the study area, and data were collected by field observations and in-depth interviews. The results reveal that the natural environment, specifically the terrain and river systems, influenced the formation of water cellars and water-logging pools, but had less direct effects on well construction. The formation of these facilities was eventually influenced by the residents pursuing stability and exhibiting a preference for water resources. Furthermore, under the pressure of survival, the types of facilities gradually diversified, while the numbers changed dynamically. Additionally, water cellars exhibited a minor correlation with the flood prevention, environmental sanitation, and yard drainage facilities of the village. These findings demonstrate that the core issue in the formation of diversified regional water supply characteristics is the attempt to find a balance between nature and water use/flood prevention, an embodiment of the explicit recognition of limited self-ability.

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