Background and objectiveThe modulus of carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (CFR-PEEK), a composite containing layers of carbon fiber sheets, can be precisely controlled to match bone. However, CFR-PEEK is biologically inert and cannot promote bone apposition. The objective of this study was to investigate whether graphene modification could enhance the bioactivity of CFR-PEEK.Methods and resultsIn vitro, the proliferation and differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells on scaffolds were quantified via cell-counting kit-8 assay and Western blotting analysis of osteoblast-specific proteins. Graphene modification significantly promoted bone marrow stromal cell proliferation and accelerated induced differentiation into osteogenic lineages compared to cells seeded onto nongraphene-coated CFR-PEEK. An in vivo rabbit extraarticular graft-to-bone healing model was established. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, microcomputed tomography analyses and histological observations revealed significantly better microstructural parameters and higher average mineral apposition rates for graphene-modified CFR-PEEK implants than CFR-PEEK implants (P<0.05). van Gieson staining indicated more new bone was formed around graphene-modified CFR-PEEK implants than CFR-PEEK implants.ConclusionGraphene may have considerable potential to enhance the bioactivity and osseointegration of CFR-PEEK implants for clinical applications.
Introduction:With increases in implant infections, the search for antibacterial and biofilm coatings has become a new interest for orthopaedists and dentists. In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) has been extensively studied for its superior antibacterial properties. However, most of these studies have focused on solutions and there are few antibacterial studies on metal surfaces, especially the surfaces of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys. ε-Poly -L-lysine (ε-PLL), as a novel food preservative, has a spectrum of antimicrobial activity; however, its antimicrobial activity after coating an implant surface is not clear. Methods: In this study, for the first time, a two-step electrodeposition method was used to coat GO and ε-PLL on the surface of a CoCrMo alloy. Its antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against S. aureus and E. coli were then studied. Results:The results show that the formation of bacteria and biofilms on the coating surface was significantly inhibited, GO and ε-PLL composite coatings had the best antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, followed by ε-PLL and GO coatings. In terms of classification, the coatings are antiadhesive and contact-killing/inhibitory surfaces. In addition to oxidative stress, physical damage to GO and electrostatic osmosis of ε-PLL are the main antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms. Discussion: This is the first study that GO and ε-PLL coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of CoCrMo alloy by electrodeposition. It provides a promising new approach to the problem of implant infection in orthopedics and stomatology.
A perfect mimic of human bone is very difficult. Still, the latest advancement in biomaterials makes it possible to design composite materials with morphologies merely the same as that of bone tissues. In the present work is the fabrication of selenium substituted Hydroxyapatite (HAP-Se) covered by lactic acid (LA)—Polyethylene glycol (PEG)—Aspartic acid (AS) composite with the loading of vincristine sulfate (VCR) drug (HAP-Se/LA-PEG-AS/VCR) for twin purposes of bone regenerations. The HAP-Se/LA-PEG-AS/VCR composite coated on titanium implant through electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The prepared composite characterized using FTIR, XRD techniques to rely on the composites' chemical nature and crystalline status. The morphology of the composite and the titanium plate with the composite coating was investigated by utilizing SEM, TEM instrument techniques, and it reveals the composite has porous morphology. The drug (VCR) load in HAP-Se/LA-PEG-AS and releasing nature were investigated through UV-Visible spectroscopy at the wavelength of 295 nm. In vitro study of SBF treatment shows excellent biocompatibility to form the HAP crystals. The viability against MG63 and toxicity against Saos- 2 cells have expressed the more exceptional biocompatibility in bone cells and toxicity with the cancer cells of prepared composites. The in-vivo study emphasizes prepared biomaterial suitable for implantation and helps accelerate bone regeneration on osteoporosis and osteosarcoma affected hard tissue.
Background: Clinical use of linezolid for the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is still limited by lacking data about clinical outcomes and adverse effects of long-term usage in children. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA AHO in children.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2011 and December 2018 at the Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, China, and compared the clinical efficacy and safety of linezolid and vancomycin in children with MRSA AHO. Demographics, clinical features, laboratory tests, susceptibilities of isolates, treatment outcomes, and adverse events were collected. Variables were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney U-test.Results: 17 patients with MRSA AHO were included in this study (6 children received linezolid and 11 children received vancomycin). Statistically significant differenc was observed in the minimum hemoglobin during the treatment between 2 groups [71.0 (IQR 65.0-91.0) vs 102.0 (IQR 91.0-114.0) g/L, P=0.009], and patients in the linezolid group presented higher anemia rate [5 (83.3%) vs 3 (27.3%), P=0.049] than those in the vancomycin group. Conclusions: Although linezolid and vancomycin have no significant difference in efficacy and safety in the treatment of children with MRSA AHO, the incidence rate of anemia was higher during therapy. Children seemed to be more sensitive to the transient bone marrow suppression effect of linezolid in the prolonged use for MRSA AHO.
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