As an important cathode candidate for the highperformance sodium ion batteries (SIBs), P2-type oxides with layered structures are needed to balance the specific capacities and cycling stability. As a result, a cation and anion codoped strategy has been adopted to tune the electrochemical activity of the redox centers and modulate the structure properties. Herein, a series of P2−Na 0.6 Mn 0.7 Ni 0.3 O 2−x F x (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) cathodes with microsphere structures are synthesized, using a solid-state reaction in the presence of MnO 2 microsphere self-templates. Compared with the cation-doped Na 0.6 Mn 0.7 Ni 0.3 O 2 , additional Fdoping can affect the lattice parameters and redox centers of Na 0.6 Mn 0.7 Ni 0.3 O 2−x F x . Comprehensively considering the specific capacities, cycling stability, and rate capability, the optimized x value in Na 0.6 Mn 0.7 Ni 0.3 O 2−x F x is determined to be 0.05. In the half cells, Na 0.6 Mn 0.7 Ni 0.3 O 1.95 F 0.05 (F-0.05) maintains a capacity of 90.5 mA h g −1 in the first cycle at 1.0 A g −1 , giving a capacity retention of 78% within 900 cycles. The superior rate capability of F-0.05 is guaranteed by the larger diffusion coefficient of Na + (D Na ) combined with higher charge transfer speed. In addition, when coupled with MoSe 2 /PC anodes, the full cells also exhibit impressive electrochemical performance.

Background Access as a primary indicator of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) efficiency has been widely studied over the last few decades. Most previous studies considered one-way trips, either getting ambulances to patients or transporting patients to hospitals. This research assesses spatiotemporal access to EMS at the shequ (the smallest administrative unit) level in Wuhan, China, attempting to fill a gap in literature by considering and comparing both trips in the evaluation of EMS access. Methods Two spatiotemporal access measures are adopted here: the proximity-based travel time obtained from online map services and the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E-2SFCA) which is a gravity-based model. First, the travel time is calculated for the two trips involved in one EMS journey: one is from the nearest EMS station to the scene (i.e. scene time interval (STI)) and the other is from the scene to the nearest hospital (i.e. transport time interval (TTI)). Then, the predicted travel time is incorporated into the E-2SFCA model to calculate the access measure considering the availability of the service provider as well as the population in need. For both access measures, the calculation is implemented for peak hours and off-peak hours. Results Both methods showed a marked decrease in EMS access during peak traffic hours, and differences in spatial patterns of ambulance and hospital access. About 73.9% of shequs can receive an ambulance or get to the nearest hospital within 10 min during off-peak periods, and this proportion decreases to about 45.5% for peak periods. Most shequs with good ambulance access but poor hospital access are in the south of the study area. In general, the central areas have better ambulance, hospital and overall access than peripheral areas, particularly during off-peak periods. Conclusions In addition to the impact of peak traffic periods on EMS access, we found that good ambulance access does not necessarily guarantee good hospital access nor the overall access, and vice versa.

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