ObjectivePrior researches have identified distinct differences in neuroimaging characteristics between healthy controls (HCs) and patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the correlations between homotopic connectivity and clinical characteristics in patients with MDD have yet to be fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate common and unique patterns of homotopic connectivity and their relationships with clinical characteristics in patients with MDD.MethodsWe recruited 42 patients diagnosed with MDD and 42 HCs. We collected a range of clinical variables, as well as exploratory eye movement (EEM), event-related potentials (ERPs) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis, support vector machine (SVM), and voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC).ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with MDD showed decreased VMHC in the insula, and increased VMHC in the cerebellum 8/vermis 8/vermis 9 and superior/middle occipital gyrus. SVM analysis using VMHC values in the cerebellum 8/vermis 8/vermis 9 and insula, or VMHC values in the superior/middle occipital gyrus and insula as inputs can distinguish HCs and patients with MDD with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that decreased VMHC in the insula and increased VMHC values in the sensory-motor networks may be a distinctive neurobiological feature for patients with MDD, which could potentially serve as imaging markers to discriminate HCs and patients with MDD.
Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SC) have many similarities in clinical manifestations. The acute phase of BD has psychotic symptoms, while SC also has emotional symptoms during the onset, which suggests that there is some uncertainty in distinguishing BD and SC through clinical symptoms. Aim: To explore the characteristics of brain functional activities and cognitive impairment between BD and SC. Methods: Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) test was performed on patients in drug-naïve BD and SC (50 subjects in each group), and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning was performed meanwhile. Rs-fMRI data were routinely preprocessed, and the value of the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was calculated. Then each part of the scores of the RBANS and the characteristics of brain function activities were compared between the two groups. Finally used Pearson correlation to analyze the correlation between cognition and brain function. Results: (1) Compared with BD group, all parts of RBANS scores in SC group decreased; (2) The left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG, peak coordinates − 30, -87, -15; t = 4.78, voxel size = 31, Alphasim correction) and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG, peak coordinates 51, -12, 0; t = 5.08, voxel size = 17, AlphaSim correction) were the brain areas with significant difference in fALFF values between BD and SC. Compared with SC group, the fALFF values of the left IOG and the right STG in BD group were increased (p < 0.05); (3) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the visuospatial construction score was positively correlated with the fALFF values of the left IOG and the right STG (rleft IOG = 0.304, p = 0.003; rright STG = 0.340, p = 0.001); The delayed memory (figure recall) score was positively correlated with the fALFF value of the left IOG (rleft IOG = 0.207, p = 0.044). Discussion: The cognitive impairment of SC was more serious than BD. The abnormal activities of the left IOG and the right STG may be the core brain region to distinguish BD and SC, and are closely related to cognitive impairment, which provide neuroimaging basis for clinical differential diagnosis and explore the pathological mechanism of cognitive impairment.
BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationships between regional neural activity and multiple related indicators in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsForty-two patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Pearson/Spearman correlation analyses were applied to examine the associations between abnormal regional homogeneity (ReHo) and different indicators in the patients.ResultsCompared with HCs, patients with MDD had increased ReHo in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and decreased ReHo values in the left putamen, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and precentral gyrus. The ReHo of the left putamen was positively correlated with the PR interval, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status 4A, and Discriminant analysis (D), and negatively correlated with Ae (block) and Ae (total) in the patients. The ReHo value of the left ACC was positively correlated with the severity of depression, Stroop Color Word Test of C − 2B + 100 in reaction time, and negatively correlated with Ce (Missay) and Perseverative Responses in the patients. The ReHo of the left ITG was positively correlated with the Neuroticism scores and negatively correlated with the Lie scores in the patients.ConclusionThese results suggested that the decreased ReHo of the salience network might be the underpinning of cognitive impairments in patients with MDD.
Background: Psychotic depression (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are disorders with shared symptoms but unique causes, development, and treatments. Identifying them based on symptoms is difficult, requiring deeper comprehension of cognitive and neural mechanisms for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Aim: This study aims to compare cognitive impairments and brain functional activities in PD and SCZ, in order to identify unique features of each disorder. Methods: We studied 42 PD and 30 SCZ patients using RBANS and rs-fMRI. We computed ReHo values from the rs-fMRI data and compared RBANS scores between groups. We also investigated the correlation between cognition and brain function using Pearson analysis. Results: (1) SC group had lower RBANS scores than PD group in all test sections; (2) Left precuneus had significant ReHo difference between PD and SC groups, with SCZ group showing significantly increased ReHo (p < 0.05); (3) Negative correlation found between visuospatial construction score, delayed memory score and ReHo value of left precuneus by Pearson correlation analysis. conclusion: Cognitive impairment is more severe in SCZ than PD. Elevated left precuneus activity distinguishes PD from SCZ and relates to cognitive deficits in both, offering neuroimaging evidence for differential diagnosis and insight into cognitive impairment pathology.
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