Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high‐quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well‐characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on‐going clinical trials.

T lymphocytes infiltrate the most devastating metastatic tumors for immunotherapy, allowing the potential for tumor metastasis suppression. However, tumor heterogeneity often restricts the infiltration of immune cells and possesses immune privilege that leads to protection from the immune attack, especially for invading metastatic clusters. Here, an exosome-camouflaged nanoraspberry (RB@Exo) doubling as a metastases-targeting agent and T cell-infiltration inducer that delivers an anticancer drug and energy is reported. The RB@Exo integrated an exosome-derived margination effect, and density-mediated nanoparticleinduced extracellular leakiness (nanoEL) exhibited more than a 70% colocalization of the RB@Exo to metastatic tumors in the lung in vivo. The release of cancer cell−cell interactions at the metastasis via nanoEL also elicited the 10-fold infiltration of T lymphocytes. The synergy of the T cell infiltration and photolytic effects transported by the RB@Exo deep into the metastatic tumors effectively inhibited the tumor in 60 days when treated with a single alternating magnetic field (AMF).

A shaking table test of a three-story reinforced concrete (RC) building was conducted. The tested building is vertically irregular because of the first story’s elevated height and the third story’s added RC walls. In addition to far-field ground motions, near-fault ground motions were exerted on this building. A numerical model of the three-story building was constructed. Comparing with the test results indicates that the numerical model is satisfactory for simulating the seismic response of the three-story building. This validated numerical model was then further applied to look into two issues: the effective section rigidities of RC members and the effects of near-fault ground motions. The study results show the magnitude of the possible discrepancy between the actual seismic response and the estimated seismic response, when the effective section rigidities of the RC members are treated as in common practice. An incremental dynamic analysis of the three-story RC building subjected to one far-field and one near-fault ground motion, denoted as CHY047 and TCU052, respectively, was conducted. In comparison with the far-field ground motion, the near-fault ground motion is more destructive to this building. In addition, the effect of the selected near-fault ground motion (i.e. TCU052) on the building’s collapse is clearly identified.

Dual on‐demand delivery of therapeutic cargos and energy by transporters can latently mitigate side effects and provide the unique aspects required for precision medicine. To achieve this goal, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), hybrid materials constructed from metal ions and polydentate organic linkers, have attracted attention for controlled drug release and energy delivery in tumors. With appropriate characteristics such as tunable pore size, high surface area, and tailorable composition, therapeutic agents (drug molecules or responsive agents) can be effectively encapsulated in MOFs. Based on their intrinsic properties, many physically or chemically responsive agents are able to achieve precise on‐demand drug release and energy generation (thermal or dynamic therapy) using MOFs (as energy absorbers). Herein, the results obtained with various stimuli‐responsive MOFs (including materials from the Institute Lavoisier [MIL], zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [ZIFs], MOFs from the University of Oslo [UiO], and other MOFs) used for tumor suppression are summarized. Furthermore, with the appropriate stimulus, catalytic therapy (caused by the Fenton reaction induced by MOFs) can be provided via the utilization of existing high levels of H2O2 in cancer cells, which potentially elicits immune responses. In addition, the issues impeding clinical translation are also discussed, including the need to overcome tumor heterogeneity and to recognize the innate immune system and possible effects. As the references reveal, additional comprehensive strategies and studies are needed to enable broad applications and potent translational developments.

A new one-pot synthesis of 9-(pyridin-2-yl)-9H-carbazoles through the simultaneous C-H activation and palladium(II)-catalyzed cross-coupling of N-phenylpyridin-2-amines with potassium aryltrifluoroborates is presented. Silver acetate and 1,4-dioxane proved to be the best oxidant and solvent, respectively. The product yields fluctuated from modest to excellent and the reaction showed sufficient functional group tolerance. p-Benzoquinone served as an important ligand for the transmetalation and reductive elimination steps in the catalytic process. The kinetic isotope effects (k(H)/k(D)) for the first and second C-H activation/C-C or C-N formation steps were measured as 2.14 and 1.18, respectively. Finally, a rational catalytic mechanism is presented based on all experimental evidence.