This study presented a wireless smart contact lens system that was composed of a reconfigurable capacitive sensor interface circuitry and wirelessly powered radio-frequency identification (RFID) addressable system for sensor control and data communication. In order to improve compliance and reduce user discomfort, a capacitive sensor was embedded on a soft contact lens of 200 μm thickness using commercially available bio-compatible lens material and a standard manufacturing process. The results indicated that the reconfigurable sensor interface achieved sensitivity and baseline tuning up to 120 pF while consuming only 110 μW power. The range and sensitivity tuning of the readout circuitry ensured a reliable operation with respect to sensor fabrication variations and independent calibration of the sensor baseline for individuals. The on-chip voltage scaling allowed the further extension of the detection range and prevented the implementation of large on-chip elements. The on-lens system enabled the detection of capacitive variation caused by pressure changes in the range of 2.25 to 30 mmHg and hydration level variation from a distance of 1 cm using incident power from an RFID reader at 26.5 dBm.
Due to the performance requirements of displays and lighting applications, there is a great need to measure the radiant flux and colour of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) simultaneously in a high throughput format. We evaluate the feasibility of obtaining reliable colour and radiant flux values of LEDs with a low-cost office flatbed document scanner under factory settings versus conventional measurements. Colour purity was evaluated against a spectrometer and a digital camera, while radiant flux was evaluated against photodiodes. Scanner colour rendition of red, green and yellow LEDs was of variable quality. The scanner showed better correlation to conventional radiant flux measurements, with linear least-squares agreement between 0.934 and 0.985. A scanner represents a low cost and high throughput means of evaluating LEDs with simultaneous measures of both electroluminescent flux and emission colour with operational time.
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