Summarizing the status of drugs in the market and examining the trend of drug research and development is important in drug discovery. In this study, we compared the drug targets and the market sales of the new molecular entities approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from January 2000 to December 2009. Two networks, namely, the target–target and drug–drug networks, have been set up using the network analysis tools. The multi-target drugs have much more potential, as shown by the network visualization and the market trends. We discussed the possible reasons and proposed the rational strategies for drug research and development in the future.

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A series of rare‐earth zirconate Ln2Zr2O7 ceramics (Ln=Dy, Er, and Yb) with a fluorite structure (F‐Ln2Zr2O7) were prepared by pressureless sintering from zirconia and rare‐earth oxide powders at 1600°C for 10 h in air. The microstructure experiments were performed by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal conductivity and thermal expansion of these ceramics were evaluated using a steady‐state laser heat‐flux technique and high‐temperature dilatometry, respectively. The XRD and SEM results demonstrate that Ln2Zr2O7 ceramics with a single fluorite phase are synthesized and no other phases are found. The results of thermal conductivity show that their thermal conductivities (1.3–1.9 W/(m·K), 20°–800°C) are as low as those of the referenced Ln2Zr2O7 ceramics (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, and Gd) with pyrochlore structure (P‐Ln2Zr2O7). It is concluded that rare‐earth zirconate ceramics with a fluorite structure can be considered as candidate materials for future thermal barrier coatings.

Abstract

Abstract-The characteristics of the guided electromagnetic wave propagation through a slab waveguide of uniaxially anisotropic dispersive metamaterial are investigated. Taking the cold plasma media model with ω mpz < ω mp⊥ < ω ep⊥ as an example, the mode classification established in terms of the operating angular frequency ω 0 of the slab waveguide. The results indicate that the mode properties are closely dependent on the frequency. When ω 2 mpz < ω 2 0 < ω 2 mp⊥ there are infinite guided modes. It is also found that when ω 2 em < ω 2 0 < ω 2 mpz , there may be multiple solutions of the propagating mode with imaginary transverse wave number in a slab waveguide with thickness less than a certain value.

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The thermal expansions of the rare earth zirconate (Ln2Zr2O7, Ln = La, Nd, Sm, and Gd) pyrochlore were studied by the Debye and quasi harmonic approximation combined with the first principles calculations. The difference between CV and CP was obtained. The temperature dependence of thermal expansions is mainly caused by the restoration of thermal energy due to phonon excitations at relatively a low temperature. When the temperature is much higher than Debye temperature, i.e., above 600 K for Ln2Zr2O7 compounds, the volumetric coefficient is increased linearly by increasing the temperature. The calculations are in good agreement with the experiments.

Understanding mechanisms of oil mobilization of tight matrix during CO2 injection is crucial for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration engineering design. In this study exposure behavior between CO2 and tight rock of the Ordos Basin has been studied experimentally by using nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation time (NMR T2) spectrum and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under the reservoir pressure and temperature. Quantitative analysis of recovery at the pore scale and visualization of oil mobilization are achieved. Effects of CO2 injection, exposure times and pressure on recovery performance have been investigated. The experimental results indicate that oil in all pores can be gradually mobilized to the surface of rock by CO2 injection. Oil mobilization in tight rock is time-consuming while oil on the surface of tight rock can be mobilized easily. CO2 injection can effectively mobilize oil in all pores of tight rock, especially big size pores. This understanding of process of matrix exposed to CO2 could support the CO2 EOR in tight reservoirs.