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Ultralow thermal conductivity (1.1 W/m.K, 1000 degrees C) in anion-deficient Ba2RAlO5 (R=Dy, Er, Yb) compounds was reported. The low thermal conductivity was then analyzed by kinetic theory. The highly defective structure of Ba2RAlO5 results in weak atomic bond strength and low sound speeds, and phonon scattering by large concentration of oxygen vacancies reduces the phonon mean free path to the order of interatomic distance. Ba2DyAlO5 exhibits the shortest phonon mean free path and lowest thermal conductivity among the three compositions investigated, which can be attributed to additional phonon scattering by DyO6 octahedron tilting as a result of a low tolerance factor. The Ba2RAlO5 (R=Dy, Er, Yb) compounds have shown great potential in high-temperature thermal insulation applications, particularly as a thermal barrier coating material.

Low‐thermal conductivity ceramics in monazite‐type REPO4 (RE=La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) ceramics are expected to have potential in structural (refractories, thermal insulator) and nuclear applications. To this end, the present study determines their thermal conductivities and examines how differences of the rare earth ions change their thermal conductivity at different temperatures. The results show that their conductivities are remarkably low from 25° to 1000°C. In addition, different conductivity variation mechanisms exist that change gradually upon altering from LaPO4 to GdPO4 at low and high temperatures. At relatively lower temperatures (≤400°C), the thermal conductivities of all the REPO4 ceramics decrease nearly at first, reach a minimum value, and then rise with gradual altering from LaPO4 to GdPO4. It may be due to the combined effects of the increase of both the anharmonicities in lattice vibrations and the bond strength. As the temperature increases, the conductivity trends become obscure, and the conductivities of the monazite‐type REPO4 approach their minimum thermal conductivities when the temperature is above 800°C.

The gadolinium calcium silicates having the apatite crystal structure can accommodate a wide range of point defects, including oxygen and cation vacancies, as well as anti-site defects, depending on the Gd/Ca ratio. Compositions having only cation or oxygen vacancies were identified and the thermal diffusivity and conductivity were measured up to 1000 o C. All the compositions, including the stoichiometric composition, exhibit low thermal conductivities from room temperature to high temperature with the defect-containing compositions having even lower thermal conductivities. The high temperature thermal conductivity, at temperatures below the onset of significant radiative heat transport, decreases with the inverse square root of the cation and anion vacancy concentration, consistent with simple defect scattering models. Based on the data, it is concluded that the oxygen vacancies are slightly more effective in reducing thermal conductivity.

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