Cardiovascular disease is the major complication and cause of mortality in the dialysis population, accounting for about 40% of deaths. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of these events. As patients in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are in a state of elevated free radical activity, the aim of the present study was to investigate the negative impact of smoking in 45 male hemodialysis (HD) patients. These patients, who were 40–85 years of age (mean age 60.9 ± 13.3 years), had been on hemodialysis for at least 12 months before participating in this study. Fasting blood sampling for serum lipid, albumin, urate, lipid peroxides total blood glutathione (tGSH), non-GSH free sulfhydryl compounds (non-GSH fSH), plasma glutathione peroxidase (pGSHPx), erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase (rGSHPx), plasma glutathione S-transferase (pGST) and erythrocytes glutathione S-transferase (rGST) were determined. Our study showed that the plasma malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly higher in HD patients who smoked than in those who were non- smokers (1.99 ± 0.53 vs. 1.55 ± 0.46 nmol/ml, p = 0.008). No association was found between levels of MDA in smokers and BMI, serum cholesterol and triglycerides and smoking index. We also found that the circulating plasma levels of tGSH and non-GSH fSH was lower in the HD patients who smoked (tGSH 164.9 ± 41.5 vs. 203.4 ± 45.3 µg/ml; fSH 271.1 ± 55.8 vs. 308.8 ± 46.7 µg/ml; p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of uric acid, pGSHPx, rGSHPx, pGST, rGST, albumin, and age between the 2 groups. Partial correlation analysis of the plasma levels of the measured antioxidants and the smoking index revealed a negative correlation between the plasma levels of tGSH and smoking index (r = –0.62, p < 0.003). Similarly, the plasma levels of tGSH was found negatively correlated with the levels of plasma MDA (r = –0.32, p < 0.05) of the HD patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that cigarette smoking has a negative impact on plasma-circulating products of lipid peroxidation in HD patients. The lower blood levels of the tGSH and non-GSH fSH in HD patients who smoked suggests that these patients may be more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by smoking.
Background/Aim: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality in dialysis patients, accounting for about 40% of deaths in most large registries. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of these events. As end-stage renal disease is a state of elevated free radical activity, the aim of the present study was to investigate the negative impact of smoking in 57 male hemodialysis patients. Methods: The patients, who were 20–85 years of age (mean age 51.0 ± 14 years), had been on hemodialysis for at least 6 months before participating in this study. Fasting blood sampling for serum lipid, albumin, urate and lipophilic antioxidants such as tocopherols, carotenes, ascorbate and lipid peroxides was performed. Results: The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients who smoked compared to hemodialysis patients who were nonsmokers (1.92 ± 0.52 vs. 1.59 ± 0.42 nmol/ml, p = 0.006). No association was found between levels of MDA in smokers and parameters such as body mass index, serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and smoking index. There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of uric acid, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-carotene, β-carotene and retinol between the two groups. A significantly lower level of plasma ascorbate was observed in hemodialysis patients who smoked compared to the nonsmoking hemodialysis patients or healthy controls (4.59 ± 4.0 vs. 9.57 ± 4.0 and 10.16 ± 4.6 µg/ml, p < 0.05). Moreover, in smokers, the plasma levels of ascorbate were negatively correlated with the levels of plasma MDA (r = –0.43, p < 0.001) of each patient. Partial correlation analysis of the plasma levels of the measured antioxidants and the smoking index revealed a negative correlation between the plasma levels of lipid-normalized lycopene and the smoking index (r = –0.53, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that cigarette smoking further increases plasma-circulating products of lipid peroxidation, which are already increased in nonsmoking hemodialysis patients as compared to matched healthy controls. The lower plasma levels of ascorbate in hemodialysis patients who smoke suggest that these patients may be more susceptible to oxidative tissue damage caused by smoking.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.