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Modulation of the cellular response by the administration of probiotic bacteria may be an effective strategy for preventing or inhibiting tumour growth. We orally pre-inoculated mice with probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (La) for 14 d. Subcutaneous dorsal-flank tumours and segmental orthotopic colon cancers were implanted into mice using CT-26 murine colon adenocarcinoma cells. On day 28 after tumour initiation, the lamina propria of the colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen were harvested and purified for flow cytometry and mRNA analyses. We demonstrated that La pre-inoculation reduced tumour volume growth by 50·3 %, compared with untreated mice at 28 d after tumour implants (2465·5 (SEM 1290·4) v. 4950·9 (SEM 1689·3) mm 3 , P, 0·001). Inoculation with La reduced the severity of colonic carcinogenesis caused by CT-26 cells, such as level of colonic involvement and structural abnormality of epithelial/ crypt damage. Moreover, La enhanced apoptosis of CT-26 cells both in dorsal-flank tumour and segmental orthotopic colon cancer, and the mean counts of apoptotic body were higher in mice pre-inoculated with La (P,0·05) compared with untreated mice. La pre-inoculation down-regulated the CXCR4 mRNA expressions in the colon, MLN and extra-intestinal tissue, compared with untreated mice (P,0·05). In addition, La pre-inoculation reduced the mean fluorescence index of MHC class I (H-2Dd, -Kd and -Ld) in flow cytometry analysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that probiotics La may play a role in attenuating tumour growth during CT-26 cell carcinogenesis. The down-regulated expression of CXCR4 mRNA and MHC class I, as well as increasing apoptosis in tumour tissue, indicated that La may be associated with modulating the cellular response triggered by colon carcinogenesis. Key words: Probiotics: Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM: CT-26 cells: Colon carcinogenesis: ApoptosisColon carcinoma is a leading cause of digestive system neoplasm. The colon cancer mortality rate is second only to that of lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women, and colon cancer rates have increased over the past 20-30 years (1) . Diet contributes to colon cancer risk. In fact, up to 75 % of cases are thought to be associated with diet (2) , indicating that a person can reduce his or her colon cancer risk simply via diet modification.Probiotics consist of a preparation of viable micro-organisms that alter the existing microflora of the intestine, thereby

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-Interest is increasing in the development of methods to automatically and continuously detect crop stress, water use, growth and nutrition in greenhouse crops. Some of these techniques are now being tried in commercial greenhouses and hold the promise of improved climate management for better yield and quality, and reductions in environmental impact. However, integration of automated crop monitoring with computer environmental control systems is not yet commonplace, and will depend on the development of computer programs which incorporate the most appropriate real-time crop data into dynamic models.greenhouse / crop monitoring / climate control / sensors /environmental sustainability Résumé -Suivi automatique des cultures sous serre. Il existe un intérêt croissant pour le développement de méthodes qui permettent de détecter automatiquement et en continu les contraintes subies par les plantes, l'utilisation de l'eau, la croissance et la nutrition des cultures sous serre. Certaines de ces techniques sont maintenant en essai dans des serres commerciales et tiennent leurs promesses en ce qui concerne l'amélioration de la conduite du climat, pour un rendement et une qualité meilleurs et une réduction de l'impact sur l'environnement. Cependant l'intégration d'un suivi automatique de la culture avec des systèmes de contrôle de l'environnement par ordinateur n'est pas encore banalisé, et dépendra du développement des programmes informatiques qui intègreront dans des modèles les données en temps réel sur la culture les mieux appropriées. serre / suivi des cultures / contrôle du climat / capteur / durabilité de l'environnement

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Most members of Taiwan's indigenous communities live in areas that are prone to natural disasters. Yet, due to their marginalised cultural, economic and political status, each time such calamities strike, any assistance they receive is usually provided without considering their actual needs. The areas hardest hit by Typhoon Morakot in August 2009 were the indigenous villages in the southern and eastern parts of the island. After the initial emergency relief efforts had been completed, there remained the highly challenging task of reconstruction and the resettlement of those who lost their homes and livelihoods. This paper examines the cultural conflicts that arose during the reconstruction process, with special emphasis on the participation of Taiwan's indigenous communities and their capacity for resilience. It was found that community participation and identification are key issues in effective disaster governance.

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