Lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) is a structurally and functionally distinct natural product called an eicosanoid, which displays immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity but is rapidly metabolized to inactive catabolites in vivo. A previously described analogue of LXA(4), methyl (5R,6R,7E,9E,11Z,13E,15S)-16-(4-fluorophenoxy)-5,6,15-trihydroxy-7,9,11,13-hexadecatetraenoate (2, ATLa), was shown to have a poor pharmacokinetic profile after both oral and intravenous administration, as well as sensitivity to acid and light. The chemical stability of the corresponding E,E,E-trien-11-yne analogue, 3, was improved over 2 without loss of efficacy in the mouse air pouch model of inflammation. Careful analysis of the plasma samples from the pharmacokinetic assays for both 2 and 3 identified a previously undetected metabolite, which is consistent with metabolism by beta-oxidation. The formation of the oxidative metabolites was eliminated with the corresponding 3-oxatetraene, 4, and the 3-oxatrien-11-yne, 5, analogues of 2. Evaluation of 3-oxa analogues 4 and 5 in calcium ionophore-induced acute skin inflammation model demonstrated similar topical potency and efficacy compared to 2. The 3-oxatrien-11-yne analogue, 5, is equipotent to 2 in an animal model of inflammation but has enhanced metabolic and chemical stability and a greatly improved pharmacokinetic profile.

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To develop the in situ underground pyrolysis process of tar-rich coal more scientifically, the effect of temperature and pressure on the distribution of pyrolysis products should be clarified. This paper selected the typical components in five distillates of light tar, phenol tar, naphthalene tar, washing tar, and anthracene tar as the main reaction products. 32 typical secondary reactions were constructed. Based on the thermodynamic analysis strategy, the variation of the Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant of secondary reactions was investigated. The results showed that pressure mainly affected the reaction characteristics of molecule-increasing reactions. The Gibbs free energy value of the molecule-increasing reactions increased with increasing pressure. The trend that the reaction could proceed spontaneously gradually weakened. The initial temperature of some reactions that could proceed spontaneously would need to increase by dozens or even hundreds of degrees. Due to the influence of formation pressure, the generation of related components of light tar, naphthalene tar, washing tar, and anthracene tar would be inhibited to varying degrees in the in situ underground pyrolysis process. The secondary reactions related to phenol tar were equimolecular reactions, which were almost unaffected by stratal pressure. Axial pressure and confining pressure of different coal seam depths should be considered in the process of in situ underground pyrolysis.

Background Mycoplasmapneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a prevalent disease in community-acquired pneumonia among children. However, in addition to respiratory manifestations, it may also develop extra-pulmonary complications. Embolism is one of the uncommon extra-respiratory manifestations prone to severe sequelae and even death. This study aims to analyze the clinical features of MPP with embolism in children, and explore the associated risk factors of embolism in MPP patients. Methods A retrospective case–control analysis was performed on 48 children with MPP admitted to our hospital wards between January 2010 and December 2021. Embolism group comprised children with embolism by CTA or MRA results, whereas the non-embolism group comprised children with clinical suspicion of embolism but negative diagnostic imaging support. The clinical features, laboratory findings and imaging were analyzed to explore the risk factors for embolism in children with MPP. Results A total of 48 children with MPP were enrolled in the study (16 cases and 32 controls). In the embolism group, 10 patients (62.5%) had pulmonary embolism, 3 patients (18.75%) presented ventricle embolism, 2 patients (12.5%) presented cerebral and carotid artery embolism, one patient (6.25%) had a cerebral embolism, limb, and spleen, respectively. The univariate analysis revealed the maximum body temperature (Tmax), CRP, D-dimer (closest to CTA/MRA), the percentage of neutrophils (N%), pulmonary consolidation (⩾ 2/3 lobe), pleural effusion and atelectasis have significant differences between the embolism group and non-embolism group (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that D-dimer (closest to CTA/MRA) > 3.55 mg/L [OR = 1.255 (95% CI: 1.025—1.537), P < 0.05], pulmonary consolidation (⩾ 2/3 lobe) [OR = 8.050 (95% CI: 1.341—48.327), P < 0.05], and pleural effusion [OR = 25.321 (95% CI: 2.738—234.205), P < 0.01] were independent risk factors for embolism in children with MPP. Conclusion In conclusion, MPP with embolism patients have more D-dimer values and severe radiologic manifestations.

In situ underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coal is significant for alleviating the scarcity of oil and gas resources and realizing the green and efficient development and utilization of coal in China. Tar-rich coal is often subjected to high axial pressure, surrounding pressure, and pore pressure in the in situ underground pyrolysis environment. Consequently, laboratory simulation conditions are difficult to meet the actual needs. This paper conducts a thermodynamic study of the pyrolysis characteristics of tar-rich coal under an in situ environment. Typical thermodynamic functions of tar-rich coal, including the standard enthalpy of formation, standard formation Gibbs free energy, and standard entropy, were determined. Ten representative primary reactions were constructed with typical tar-rich coal pyrolysis oil components as a guide. The Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant change laws of the above reactions were analyzed for pyrolysis temperatures from 200 to 800 °C and pyrolysis pressures from atmospheric pressure to 10 MPa. The results showed that the standard enthalpy of formation of tar-rich coal was −72.27 kJ·mol–1, the standard entropy was −37.79 J·mol–1·K–1, and the standard formation Gibbs free energy was −60.01 kJ·mol–1. When the reaction pressure increased from atmospheric pressure to 10 MPa, the thermodynamically feasible initial temperature fractions of the primary reaction of tar-rich coal pyrolysis all showed different degrees of increase. In the underground environment, the initial temperature of the primary reaction of in situ underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coal moves to a higher-temperature gradient to some extent, so the adjustment of the reaction temperature and pressure could guide the directional regulation of the in situ underground pyrolysis products of tar-rich coal.

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