To investigate the influence of NaHCO 3 on the CO 2 absorption in aqueous solution, the solubility of CO 2 in NaHCO 3 aqueous solutions [(0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0) mol 3 kg -1 ] was measured in the temperature range from (313 to 333) K with pressure range from (0.3 to 2.0) MPa by employing a new designed batch apparatus. The results showed that the solubility data for CO 2 in NaHCO 3 aqueous solutions agreed well with Henry's law, and the Henry constant appeared to be a function of temperature and the concentration of NaHCO 3 . Two thermodynamic models were proposed for correlating the experimental data, that is, the modified Setschenow and Peng-Robinson (PR)-Duan equations. It was proved that the models fitted well in with the experimental data, and the average relative deviations were (4.06 and 3.90) %, respectively. In addition, the Henry constant in pure water can be basically predicted at a certain temperature range. The influence of NaHCO 3 on the solubility of CO 2 is interpreted by "salting-out effect" which is usual for the salt-containing solutions.
Background and objectivesObstructive jaundice is common in patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancies. Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) can alleviate cholestasis; however, no consensus has been reached on the impact of PBD on the incidence of surgery-related complications and patient survival. This study aimed to evaluate the effect among patients treated with PBD.MethodsThis retrospective study examined the clinical and follow-up prognostic data of 160 patients with pancreaticobiliary malignancies who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2016 to July 2020. Outcomes were compared between patients who underwent PBD (PBD group) and those who did not (control group). Changes in biochemical indicators were evaluated before and after drainage in the PBD group. Between-group differences in inflammatory indicators after PD were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Postoperative complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system. The effects of PBD and biliary drainage efficiency on postoperative complications were evaluated using the chi-square test and binary logistics regression. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for between-group comparison of survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors of survival.ResultsTotal 160 patients were enrolled,the mean age of the study sample was 62.75 ± 6.75 years. The distribution of pancreaticobiliary malignancies was as follows: 34 cases of pancreatic head cancer, 61 cases of distal bile duct cancer, 20 cases of duodenal papilla cancer, 39 cases of duodenal ampullary cancer, and 6 cases of malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). PBD was performed in 90 of the 160 patients, with PBD performed using an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) approach in 55 patients and with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) used in the remaining 35 cases. The mean duration of drainage in the PBD group was 12.8 ± 8.8 days. The overall rate of complications was 48.05% (37/77) in the control group and 65.55% (59/90) in the PBD group with non-significant difference (χ2 = 3.527, p=0.473). In logsitics regression analysis, PBD was also not a risk factor for postoperative complications OR=1.77, p=0.709). The overall rate of postoperative complications was significantly higher among patients who underwent PBD for >2 weeks (χ2 = 6.102, p=0.013), with the rate of severe complications also being higher for this subgroup of PBD patients (χ2 = 4.673, p=0.03). The overall survival time was 47.9 ± 2.45 months, with survival being slightly lower in the PBD group (43.61 ± 3.26 months) than in the control group (52.24 ± 3.54 months), although this difference was not significant (hazard ratio (HR)=0.65, p=0.104).ConclusionIn patients with malignant biliary obstruction, PBD does not affect the incidence of postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy nor does it affect patient survival. Prolonged biliary drainage (>2 weeks) may increase the incidence of overall postoperative complications and severe complications.
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) utilizes ultrasound (US) to
activate
sonosensitizers to generate highly cytotoxic reactive oxide species
(ROS), which has achieved great success in eradicating deep-seated
bacterial infections. However, the limited penetration and low diffusion
efficacy of sonosensitizers in biofilms severely impair the therapeutic
effects of SDT. Herein, we design a near-infrared (NIR) light-driven
nanomotor (MOF@Au-DNase I) with high electron–hole pairs separation
efficiency for combating Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms. Specifically,
gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are deposited onto one-half of the sphere-shaped
metal–organic framework (MOF) to construct Janus MOF@Au NPs,
followed by the covalent immobilization of deoxyribonuclease (DNase
I) onto the surface of MOF@Au. Under the NIR laser irradiation, MOF@Au
NPs exhibit efficient active motion and penetrated quickly into deep
biofilms within 15 min. Notably, DNase I can destroy the compactness
of biofilms by hydrolyzing extracellular DNA (eDNA) in biofilms to
facilitate the penetration of sonosensitizers. Moreover, the asymmetric
spatial distribution of Au can significantly improve the electron
transfer efficiency of MOF@Au and finally enhance the ROS generation.
The synergistic effect enhances the efficiency of SDT-mediated therapy
of the Janus MOF@Au NPs. The high ROS generation capacity of MOF@Au-DNase
I realizes superior bactericidal effects in vitro and accelerates
the healing process of biofilm-infected cutaneous wounds in vivo,
demonstrating a flexible and effective strategy for biofilm eradication.
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