From the whole plants of Conyza canadensis (Compositae), a new C-10 acetylene, namely 8R, 9R-dihydroxymatricarine methyl ester (1), and a new triterpenoid, namely 3beta, 16beta, 20beta-trihydroxytaraxast-3-O-palmitoxyl ester (4), were isolated along with eleven known compounds (2, 3, 5-13). The structures of all 13 compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. The antibacterial activities of compounds 1-3 were evaluated.
have low similarities to Genotypes#3-17 of O. sinensis; and no other segments with high similarity homology were identified within ANOV00000000, LKHE00000000, or LWBQ00000000. 6-8 The genomic sequence analysis indicated that Sung et al. 1 & Quandt et al. 2 worked exclusively on H. sinensis, Genotype#1 of O. sinensis, without considering Genotypes#2-#17 of O. sinensis that have been deposited in GenBank and described in many research papers since 2002. 6-13 Studies with using PCR amplicon-sequencing, cloning sequencing, Sothern-blotting and RFLP following EcoRI restrictive digestion, and SNP mass spectrometry genotyping reported that the GC-biased Genotype#1 H. sinensis was either non-detectable or a minor O. sinensis component within the C. sinensis insect-fungi complex, whereas the AT-biased genotypes of O. sinensis predominated. 7,8,11,12 Molecular examinations demonstrated that the genotypes of O. sinensis, including Genotype#1 H. sinensis, are differentially present and quantitatively and asynchronously altered in the compartments of natural C. sinensis during maturation. The molecular data indicate that the sequences of Genotypes#2-#17 O. sinensis reside not in the genome of H. sinensis but rather in the genomes of other independent fungi. 6-13 Bushley et al. 14 demonstrated the multicellular heterokaryotic hyphae and ascospores of natural C. sinensis with mono-/bi-/trinucleate structures. Barseghyan et al. 15 conclude that H. sinensis and Tolypocladium sinensis are "the anamorphs of Ophiocordyceps sinensis". Close association of Paecilomyces hepiali with several genotypes of O. sinensis have been characterized in natural C. sinensis, forming species (fungal) complexes. 6,8,11,12,16,17 Genotypes#13 and #14 of O. sinensis were identified from the heterokaryotic ascospores of natural C. sinensis as genetic variants (offspring) with large DNA segment reciprocal substitutions between 2 parental fungi, Genotype#1 H. sinensis and AB067719-type O. sinensis. 6
From the whole plants of Aster himalaicus, a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene, 1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-12,8alpha-lactone, along with twelve known compounds, was isolated. The structures of all compounds have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including IR, EI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D- and 2D-NMR data.
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