Clustering beyond chance was observed in all four sex/ethnic groups (P < 0.001), with 7% of the sample presenting 30% of the abnormalities in large clusters (> or = 3 abnormalities per individual). The odds ratio (OR) for the association of each abnormality with clustering of the remaining four ranged from 1.6 to 8.8 (P < 0.01). These odds of clustering were notably large in white women. Of the abnormalities, hypertriglyceridemia demonstrated the highest OR (5.0-8.8) and diabetes had the lower OR in African-American subjects than in white subjects (P < 0.001). Insulin, WHR, and BMI were statistically associated with clustering in all groups (P < 0.001, except for BMI in African-Americans.
Photosynthesis and dark respiration of the above ground components of young orchard-grown apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) were measured by infrared gas analysis. Soil and root respiration were determined by CO2 absorption. Maximum net photosynthesis (Pn) of shoots was 2.0 g CO2 m–2 hr–1 and light saturation level was 500 Wm–2 (global solar radiation). Photosynthetic efficiencies of shoots were at a maximum (6%) at 100 Wm–2 was 2 to 3% at light saturation. Pn rates of stems and fruits were very low and even at high irradiance did not exceed the compensation point. Dark respiration (Rd) increased exponentially with temperature. Rd per unit weight was comparable for leaves and stems, less for roots and very little for fruits; per unit area the rates for leaves and fruit were small, while those for stems were large. Estimates of dry matter accumulation by growth analysis and by net CO2 uptake were remarkably similar, despite a gross simplifying assumption with regard to light interception by the leaves.
The Ka hypersatellite spectra of oxygen, obtained by bombardment of various solid oxides with 2-MeV/amu beams of C and Ar ions, were measured using a curved-crystal spectrometer. In the spectra for the compounds CaO, SrO, CeO"and three of the oxides of Ti, some of the hypersatellite peaks appeared to be enhanced while others were suppressed. These features are indicative of resonant electron transfer processes caused by the energy matching of valence levels in the multiply ionized oxygen ion with those of its neighboring metal ions. In all cases except CaO, the spectra suggest that correlated multielectron transfer is involved, in which as many as four electrons are exchanged between the two ions. A method developed previously for estimating the energy change associated with the electron exchange was generalized to cover multielectron transfer, and corrections for extra-atomic relaxation were included. Calculations employing this method strongly support the resonant multielectron transfer hypothesis.
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