This chapter describes demand‐side issues specific to home energy management. Two key issues pertain to home energy management: (i) supporting a power network operation by controlling the consumption of electricity and (ii) providing optimum household operation for devices and appliances (e.g., cost of electricity). To achieve the desired performance from the cooperation of various devices and applications, automated control via a home energy management system (HEMS) is required. HEMS is classified into three distinct categories based on physical form and allocation of the appropriate control algorithm. Then, elemental technologies are summarized, which are combined with HEMS to constitute a global energy management system (EMS). To showcase the effectiveness of this system, we present some use cases of HEMS as well as experiments conducted at the EMS Shinjuku R&D Center established in Waseda University. At this site, four smart houses were built and equipped with an air conditioner, a battery, electric vehicles/plug‐in hybrid vehicle and charger, a heat‐pump water heater, a fuel cell cogeneration system, and a solar inverter. The potential for expansion of HEMS beyond the function of energy management through collaboration with different disciplines is mentioned.
In Japan, the electricity consumption of household domestic appliances is increasing. The introduction of the demand response (DR) framework will promote electricity consumption reductions in the household sector by limiting electricity usage and by regulating the price of electricity. Because the appropriate operation patterns differ for each user under the DR programme, a home energy management system (HEMS) will play an important role by considering the priority of various home appliances and by appropriately modifying appliance operations to minimize the impact on a user's lifestyle. In this study, HEMS based on the Bayesian network is proposed; the system will learn the behaviour of a user and prioritize the operation of home appliances under restrictions on electricity consumption.
This study focuses on stand-alone power operation in a house during a blackout. The purpose of this type of operation, known as islanding, is to balance the power supply with load demand fluctuation, and to ensure its long-term sustainability. Therefore, we used multiple forms of power supply such as a battery energy storage system (BESS), PV generator, and a home energy management system (HEMS) to control the load of appliances. The four types of power generation equipment (the PV system, BESS, electric vehicle (EV), and fuel cell (FC)) have different characteristics in terms of their output power, capacity, and response time, etc. In consideration of these output properties and the response time of the power generation equipment, we implemented control to enable the islanding operation to continue, which was verified to be effective even in a limited power supply situation.
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