Background and Objectives: Mineral nanoparticle synthesis via green chemistry is considered a novel procedure that has been introduced into some industries and medical fields. This paper aimed to focus on synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared via green chemistry and their usage in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on the green synthesis of AuNPs using olive leaf extract as a reducing agent. The UV visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy techniques were used to detect the concentration of the prepared AuNPs. The agar gel diffusion method was used to test the antifungal activity of the prepared AuNPs in vitro. Antifungal efficacy of the AuNPs in vivo was tested by the induction of cutaneous candidiasis in mice. This research was conducted on four groups of mice. Groups 1 and 2 were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the AuNPs suspension and Nystatin ointment in the treatment of clinical infection, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 were the infected and the non-infected control groups, respectively.
Results: Based on the findings, the AuNP synthesis using olive leaves was a suitable and secure method. Moreover, it was found that the AuNP concentration of 40.77 ng\ml represented the minimum inhibitory concentration for the inhibition of the Candida albicans. The prepared AuNPs were more effective than Nystatin in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.
Conclusion: Preparation of AuNPs via green chemistry using olive leaves as a reducing agent is a safe and easy procedure that can be performed to produce AuNPs. In this study, the AuNPs displayed antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo.
In this in vitro study, we assessed the antibacterial efficacy of four endodontic sealers-resin AH26, EndoRez, calcium hydroxide (Apexit), and pure zinc oxide-against Enterococcus faecalis. The agar diffusion test was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the sealers in vitro, with distilled water serving as a control. The sealers were prepared following the manufacturer's instructions and placed in wells of 50 agar plates, each inoculated with 15 samples of Kocuria rhizophila and Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibition zones were assessed after 72, 120, and 168 hours of anaerobic incubation at 37°C for 196 hours. Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests were used for data analysis. Positive control plates exhibited bacterial growth in all specified periods. AH26 demonstrated significantly higher antibacterial effectiveness against both bacterium types compared to the other sealers (P<0.01). Pure zinc oxide exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, while Apexit and EndoRez showed the lowest activity against S. aureus and no activity against K. rhizophila. AH26 had the highest antibacterial effect, and EndoRez had the lowest (P<0.05). In terms of inhibiting bacterial growth, the effectiveness of root canal sealers was ranked as follows: AH26 > Pure Zinc Oxide > Apexit/EndoRez.
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