AbstrakMenjadi guru berarti menyandang dua status sekaligus pada dirinya. Yakni, profesional dan pendidik. Tetapi, kedua status ini tidak hanya didasarkan kompetensi dedaktif-metodik saja. Sebab, ada ekspektasi sosial yang menjadi cita-cita ideal masyarakat. Sehingga, guru profesional bukan semata-mata berorientasi mendapatkan pekerjaan dan pendapatan yang layak, melainkan juga memiliki panggilan jiwa dan kesadaran humanis. Meskipun banyak pelatihan peningkatan profesi guru di berbagai jurusan kependidikan, tetapi prosesnya tidak banyak bermakna. Hal ini disebabkan cara berpikir guru yang materislistik. Oleh sebab itu, makna guru sebagai pekerjaan harus digeser pada posisinya sebagai aktor sosial yang saling berdialog dengan realitas sosialnya untuk menemukan berbagai solusi akan persoalan pendidikan.Kata kunci: guru, pendidik, profesi, dan aktor sosialAbstractBeing teacher means having double status namely professionals and educators. However, both of status are not only based on didaktic-methodical competence. There are social expectation coming from the society to be ideal people. Thus, professional teachers are not solely oriented to get a job and a decent income, but also has a soul and human consciousness. Although there are lot of training to improve the teaching profession in the various departments of education, most of them are meaningless. This is due to the way of teachers’ thought which is materislistic. Therefore, the meaning of the teacher as the workers should be shifted in position as social actors who always engage in mutual dialogue with the social reality to formulate solutions toward issue of education.Keywords: teacher, educator, profession, social actor
The vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model is one of the statistical analyses frequently used in several studies of multivariate time series data in economy, finance, and business. It is used in numerous studies because of its simplicity. Moreover, the VARMA model can explain the dynamic behavior of the relationship among endogenous and exogenous variables or among endogenous variables. It can also explain the impact of a variable or a set of variables by means of the impulse response function and Granger causality. Furthermore, it can be used to predict and forecast time series data. In this study, we will discuss and develop the best model that describes the relationship between two vectors of time series data export of Coal and data export of Oil in Indonesia over the period 2002-2017. Some models will be applied to the data: VARMA (1,1), VARMA (2,1), VARMA (3,1), and VARMA (4,1). On the basis of the comparison of these models using information criteria AICC, HQC, AIC, and SBC, it was found that the best model is VARMA (2,1) with restriction on some parameters: AR2_1_2 = 0, AR2_2_1 = 0, and MA1_2_1 = 0. The dynamic behavior of the data is studied through Granger causality analysis. The forecasting of the series data is also presented for the next 12 months.
<p class="Abstract">This study aims to develop an <em>authentic assessment</em> instrument to measure critical thinking skills in global warming learning and to describe the suitability, easiness, and usefulness of the use instruments which are developed base on the teacher’s opinion. The development design is carried out by Borg & Gall (2003) development model, which is conducted with seven stages: information gathering stage, planning stage, product development stage, product test stage, product revision stage, field trial stage, and final product. The test subjects are students and teachers in SMA Lampung Tengah by using <em>purposive sampling</em> technique. Global warming learning using <em>authentic assessment</em> consists of a series of learning activities, including observing, discussing, exploring, associating and communicating. The results show the <em>authentic assessment</em> techniques global warming to measure and cultivate critical thinking skills consisting of written tests, performance, portfolios, projects, and attitudes. The developed assessment model meets content and constructs validity, and effectively improves students' critical thinking skills and has a high level of suitability, easiness, and usefulness well-being. The assessment techniques are used in global warming learning are performance assessment techniques, portfolios, projects, products, and attitude that together contribute to the improvement of critical thinking skills on 97,4% of global warming learning.</p>
Social studies education as a science combines a number of selected concepts from branches of social science and other sciences. Students are less motivated in learning history. This condition arises because the variation in historical learning is still lacking because teachers only use traditional methods that place the teacher as the center of information. The Quizizz media-assisted STAD model has the potential to overcome the problems of motivation and student learning outcomes at Trimurti High School. The study was conducted to determine the effect of the STAD (Student Team Achivement Division) learning model assisted by the Quizizz media on motivation and learning outcomes in Indonesian History subjects class XI at Trimurti High School Surabaya. This research is an experimental study using pretest-posttest control group design. The treatment in the experimental class was the application of the STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) learning model assisted by the Quizizz media and the direct learning model (MPL) applied to the control class also assisted by the Quizizz media. T test shows the value of sig 0.03 <0.05, so there are differences in the value of the motivation of students in the control class with the experimental class. T test shows the value of sig 0.002 < 0.05, so there are differences in the value of student learning outcomes in the control class with the experimental class.
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