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This paper presents a review of NGOs working for rural poverty alleviation in Pakistan and current situation of Pakistan particularly in rural context. The research has been conducted using qualitative method. The findings of research show that condition of poor has not been much improved across the country particularly in rural areas of Pakistan. The study is of good value as there are number of controversies among different stakeholders including government regarding NGOs while NGOs claim total success in their work areas particularly rural areas. The study will suggest further research on testing such claims made by NGOs.

Purpose: This research aimed to determine leadership competencies (emotional, managerial, and intellectual) on Punjab police project performance (Pakistan). In addition, the study attempted to see if job satisfaction had a mediation effect on the association between Leadership Competencies and project performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used quantitative approach Data was collected from 151 members of the Punjab Police Lahore Safe City in Pakistan using a questionnaire and structural equation modeling technique was used to validate the study model. Findings: This research has a wide range of implications on a scholastic and managerial level. According to the findings, job satisfaction among team members is associated with leadership competency (managerial, emotional, and intellectual competency), as well as "personal growth and development, supervision-human ties, and advancement chances and compensation." The results also demonstrate that intellectual leadership competency can improve team member interactions and strengthen team leader-team member ties by improving interconnectivity. Implications/Originality/Value: This study is the first to existing empirical evidence supporting the anticipation of considerable advantages from strengthening the competency of police project leaders. This paper adds significant value to the relevant body of knowledge by establishing a correlation between leadership skill, job satisfaction, and project performance.

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Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between the ethical leadership behavior of project managers working on the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and knowledge sharing in organizations, by relating Kant’s Ethical theory. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was quantitative in nature. Data was collected through survey method from 310 employees working on CPEC projects. Results showed the positive impact of ethical leadership of CPEC project managers on moral motivation, ethical culture, and knowledge sharing in project teams.. Findings: A very strong effect was observed with both mediators i-e; ethical culture of CPEC organization and moral motivation of project teams. Ethical Leadership of Project Managers working on the CPEC project in Pakistan significantly impact Knowledge Sharing in project teams. Implications/Originality/Value: The most significant implication as the authors observed that presence of a mediating effects of the project team’s moral motivation for knowledge sharing and ethical culture of CPEC Organizations in a relationship between the project manager’s ethical leadership and the project team’s knowledge sharing. The highest impact on knowledge sharing is observed when both mediator’s, direct and indirect effects are tested in a relationship between project managers' ethical leadership and the project team’s knowledge sharing.

Social Networking Sites (SNS) such as Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, blogs, Twitter and other educational sites have become an essential part of daily routine at the tertiary level of education. The purpose of this study is to investigate how SNS enable social interaction as well as sharing of knowledge among students. Hence, this study explored students’ perception of educational activities conducted via SNS and their experience of using SNS in higher institutes. The study adopted a qualitative approach and focused on interpreting students’ narratives regarding the use of SNS in higher education. For this purpose, in depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted from university students. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data generated from the narratives of the participants. The findings showed that SNS plays an important role in distance education as they help students to attend online lectures delivered from the online forums of various universities. Students use SNS for various learning purposes, such as to access online libraries, e-learning, to download e-books and to find research articles from various authentic sites.