Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition result from epidermal barrier defect and immune dysfunction. Not only has lesional skin increase pH and transepidermal water loss but also non-lesional skin. Regular use of moisturizers helps maintain skin hydration and improve barrier dysfunction. Active ingredients in moisturizers can be classified into occlusives, humectants, and emollients according to their properties. Agents with anti-inflammatory effects are also added. This review mainly focus on active agents in moisturizers claimed of suitable for atopic skin, in order to provide more information and aid physicians in selecting and giving advice to patients with atopic dermatitis.
Background: Skin lesions in pregnant women could be caused by physiologic or pathologic changes. Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP), which manifests as various types of skin lesions, is the most common pregnancy dermatosis. Thus, PEP could mimic other skin diseases related to unfavorable maternal and fetal outcomes. Main Observations: Two PEP patients with targetoid lesions are presented here. One of them was a primigravida, whereas the other was a secundigravida. Both patients had singleton pregnancies and skin rash which started during the third trimester. The lesions began on the abdomen and then spread to the trunk and extremities. The face, palms, soles, and mucosa were not affected. Pruritus was observed but no other systemic symptoms were reported. Both patients delivered healthy, term infants without complications. Conclusion: Targetoid lesions in PEP are an uncommon presentation, and the differential diagnosis of PEP along with other dermatoses should be considered. However, the prognosis for this type of PEP is not different from that for classic PEP.
The hospital housekeepers emerged as the job with the significantly higher prevalence rate of glove-related symptoms than that of the other job categories. Factors associated with glove-related cutaneous symptoms are frequency and duration of glove use, history of atopy, and history of allergy to fruit cross-reacting with latex. The quantity of glove use, history of atopy, and allergy to fruits cross-reacting with latex are risk factors for the occurrence of glove-related noncutaneous symptoms.
Context:In vivo epidermal nuclear staining (ENS) can be found in patients with autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CNTDs) and other diseases.Aims:The aim of this study was to reveal the underlying diseases and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) characters of patients with in vivo ENS and association of in vivo ENS with circulating autoantibodies.Settings and Design:A retrospective analysis was conducted involving skin biopsy specimens submitted for DIF study at the Dermatoimmunology Laboratory at Siriraj Hospital between 2002 and 2012.Subjects and Methods:The findings of DIF study, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of patients who had positive ENS were investigated.Statistical Analysis Used:The SPSS software version 18.0. Descriptive statistics were used to report demographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory investigation results. Moreover, Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare the categorical variables.Results:One hundred and thirty-eight out of 3735 submitted specimens (3.7%) showed positive ENS. The most common diagnosis was CNTD (79%) followed by vasculitis (10.1%). Lupus erythematosus was the most common diagnosis among CNTD (78%). No association between levels of serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) titer and intensity of ENS (P = 0.660). However, we found that patients with positive in vivo ANA had lower prevalence of systemic involvement.Conclusions:Although lupus erythematosus was the most common diagnosis among patients with in vivo ENS, the presence of ENS does not indicate any specific diagnosis. However, patients with ENS tend to have less systemic involvement.
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