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Influences of growth parameters on the shape and ferroelectric properties of a 2D-In2Se3 layered structure grown by CVD were systematically studied.

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Systematic magnetic, electronic, and electrical studies on the Cu 0.04 Zn 0.96 O/Ga 0.01 Zn 0.99 O cell structure grown on (001) sapphire by the pulsed laser deposition technique show that the Cu multivalent (Cu M+ ) ions modulate magnetic and resistive states of the cells. The magnetic moment is found to be reduced by ∼30% during the high resistance state (HRS) to low resistance state (LRS) switching. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveals an increase of the Cu + /Cu 2+ oxidation state ratio (which has been determined by the relative positions of the Fermi level and the Cu acceptor level) during the HRS to LRS transition. This decreases the effective spin-polarized Cu 2+ –V ö –Cu + channels and thus the magnetic moment. A conduction mechanism involving the formation of conductive filaments from the coupling of the Cu M+ ions and V ö has been suggested.

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ABSTRACT. An accurate, simple and specific reverse phase LC procedure is established and validated for simultaneous estimation of methoxsalen and p-aminobenzoic acid in pharmaceutical formulated products and human serum. Chromatographic separation among methoxsalen, p-aminobenzoic acid and their degradation products have been achieved in less than 5 min with Hypersil-ODS column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm), using acetonitrile and 1.28 mM phosphate buffer as mobile phase (60:40 v/v). Flow rate of the mobile phase was set as 1.5 mL min -1 and detection of all the analytes was carried out by diode-array detector at 254 nm. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines by performing its linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and LOD/LOQ values. Response was linear and proportional to the concentrations (24-48 µg mL -1 ) for p-aminobenzoic acid and (9-18 µg mL -1 ) for methoxsalen. The LOD was 2.3 ng mL -1 for p-aminobenzoic acid and 6 ng mL -1 for methoxsalen whereas LOQ was 7.8 ng mL -1 for p-aminobenzoic acid and 20.4 ng mL -1 for methoxsalen. The developed method efficiently separated the principal peaks from degradation products and therefore can be applied successfully for concurrent analysis of methoxsalen and p-aminobenzoic acid in pharmaceutical dosage form, human serum and product stability studies.