Acute necrotizing esophagitis or black esophagus is a rare affection, described in the medical literature since 1990. Although its mechanism is not fully understood, ischemic compromise appears to be the fundamental physiopathological factor. When acute necrotizing esophagitis is found in the endoscopic study of an upper digestive haemorrhage, the prognosis is good. We present a case in which diagnosis of black esophagus was an endoscopic finding, secondary to a situation of underlying hemodynamic instability, with a fatal outcome.
Rabbit-to-swine multivisceral xenotransplants undergo moderate HAR in the liver and severe HAR in the other organs. Moderate HAR in the liver suggests a degree of resistance to the humoral immune response in this organ. Strong IgG fixation in cell membranes, including vascular endothelium, confirms HAR characterized by a primary humoral immune response. This model allows appraisal of HAR in multiple organs and investigation of the liver's relative resistance to this immune response.
Background:Short bowel syndrome is a harmful condition that needs experimental research. Aim:To assess the impact of the ileocecal valve removal in a model of short bowel syndrome, in order to investigate the evolution of the colon under this circumstance. Method:Fifteen Wistar rats were equitable divided into: Control (Sham), Group I (70% enterectomy preserving ileocecal valve) and Group II (70% enterectomy excluding ileocecal valve). After enterectomy was performed jejunoileal or jejunocecal anastomosis and sacrificed the animals on 30th postoperative day for histomorphometric study of the colon. During this period, was observed the clinical evolution of the animals weekly including body weight measurement. Results:Group I and II presented progressive loss of weight. In Group I was observed diarrhea, perineal hyperemia and purple color of the colon during autopsy. Histomorphometry assay showed hypertrophy and hyperplasia of colon mucosa in Group I. In Group II the colon wall was thicker due to hypertrophy and muscular hyperplasia, and in mucosa vascular proliferation and inflammatory infiltrate were intense. Conclusion:This short bowel syndrome model is relevant and achieve 100% of survival. Animal’s weight loss was not altered by the presence or exclusion of the ileocecal valve. Animals with 70% of small bowel removal and presence of the ileocecal valve attained a better clinical evolution and histological colon adaptation than those without ileocecal valve.
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