BackgroundMetastasis to the seminal vesicle is extremely rare for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To our knowledge, it has been not reported in literature. The purpose of the present paper was to report a case of metastasis to the seminal vesicle after HCC resection, along with its histological features and immunohistochemical characteristics.Case PresentationA 46-year-old Chinese man was admitted to our hospital due to abdominal distension. He had a history of HCC related to hepatitis B virus infection. Moreover, left partial hepatectomy was performed in another hospital 28 months ago, and right partial hepatectomy for HCC recurrence in our hospital 4 months ago. After resection, radiofrequency ablation therapy had been performed. About 27 months after the initial operation, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the pelvic cavity revealed a mass with homogeneous enhancement in the seminal vesicle. Transrectal needle biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Therefore, seminal vesiculectomy was resected. The histological diagnosis of the removed tumor was compatible with the original HCC. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that the tumor cells were positive for glypican-3 (GPC3), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), hepatocyte paraffin-1 (Hep Par 1), cytokeratin 18 (CK 18), and hepatocyte antigen, which confirmed that the seminal vesicle tumor was a metastatic tumor of HCC. However, CT subsequently revealed multiple metastatic foci in the abdominal and pelvic cavities in May 2009 and August 2009, respectively.ConclusionThe seminal vesicle is an extremely rare metastatic site for HCC, and the prognosis is very poor. A combination of clinical and pathological features is necessary for a correct diagnosis, and primary tumor should be excluded before diagnosing metastatic foci.
Background and Objectives: Most published research has only investigated a single timepoint after the onset of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), meaning that they have been unable to observe the relationship between the dynamic changes in cytokines and SAP progression. In this study, we attempted to reveal the relationship between dynamic changes in cytokine expression levels and SAP disease progression and the relationship between cytokines, using continuous large-scale cytokine detection. Materials and Methods: Seventy rats were randomly assigned to control (Con), sham operation (SO) and SAP groups. The SAP group was randomly allocated to five subgroups at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 h after the operation. In the SAP group, 5% sodium taurocholate was injected retrograde into the pancreatic bile duct. Animals in the SO group received a similar incision, a turning over of the pancreas. Control animals did not receive any treatment. We observed the survival, ascites fluid amount, pancreatic histopathological scores and serum amylase activity of SAP rats. We used the cytokine microarray to simultaneously detect 90 cytokines and the dynamic changes in one experiment and to analyze the correlation between cytokine expression and disease progression. Results: The mortality of SAP rats increased with an increase in time. Serum amylase activity, pancreatic histopathological scores and ascites fluid amount were time-dependent. Compared with normal rats, 69 cytokines in SAP rats were significantly changed for at least one timepoint, and 49 cytokines were significantly changed at different timepoints after SAP induction. The changes in inflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated at 6 and 9 h and 12 h and then significantly decreased. Conclusions: The trend of cytokine expression in SAP rats was not consistent with the disease progression. The cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and MAPK signal’s dominant cytokines were always highly expressed at various time points over the course of SAP.
ABSTRACT. Hyperglycemia is common in critical patients and high blood glucose levels have a negative effect on their prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) in critical patients. A total of 648 critical patients were enrolled in the study and received a random blood glucose test when they entered the emergency department. If blood glucose was more than 11.1 mM, a GHb test was followed within 24 h. All patients were followed up for 28 days. According to diabetes mellitus (DM) history, GHb value, and outcome of follow-up, patients were divided into different groups, and mortality rates were calculated, respectively. Hyperglycemia was found in 67.44% (437/648) of patients, and 51.49% (225/437) and 48.51% (212/437) had normal and elevated GHb levels, respectively. At the end of the follow-up period, 14 of the normal GHb patients and 32 of the elevated GHb patients died (6.22 and 15.09%, respectively). In the normal GHb group, 53 had a DM history, 23 were newly diagnosed with DM, and 149 had hospital- 7007Prognostic and assessment value of hyperglycemia ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (3): 7006-7012 (2014) related hyperglycemia (HRH); the mortality rates were 11.32% (6/53), 8.70% (2/23), and 4.03% (6/149), respectively. In the elevated GHb group, 114 had a DM history, 83 were newly diagnosed with DM, and 15 had HRH; the mortality rates were 13.16% (15/114), 19.27% (16/83), and 6.67% (1/15), respectively. Hyperglycemia and GHb might play important roles in the prognosis and assessment for critical patients, and the prognosis would vary according to the different causes of hyperglycemia.
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