Abstract. Vehicle exhaust, as a major source of air pollutants in urban areas, contains a complex mixture of organic vapours including long-chain alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The atmospheric oxidation of vehicle emissions is a highly complex system as inorganic gases (e.g. NOx and SO2) from other urban sources coexist and therefore remains poorly understood. In this work, the photooxidation of n-dodecane, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and their mixture is studied in the presence of NOx and SO2 to mimic the atmospheric oxidation of urban vehicle emissions (including diesel and gasoline vehicles), and the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols is investigated. It is found that ozone formation is enhanced by higher OH concentration and higher temperature, but is influenced little by SO2 concentration. However, SO2 can largely enhance the particle formation in both number and mass concentrations, likely due to the promoted new particle formation and acid-catalysed heterogeneous reactions from the formation of sulfuric acid. In addition, organo-sulfates and organo-nitrates are detected in the formed particles, and the presence of SO2 can promote the formation of organo-sulfates. These results provide a scientific basis for systematically evaluating the effects of SO2, OH concentration, and temperature on the oxidation of mixed organic gases in the atmosphere that produce ozone and
secondary particles.
The use of virtual reality (VR) in urban area planning is examined in this dissertation. There are numerous allusions to Openstreetmap's urban building data. This VR technology allows users to enter a virtual environment using an input device (HTC Vive). Without actually carrying out the plan, the effectiveness of urban planning can be tested beforehand. VR will become more crucial in urban area planning, boosting urban construction, and assisting critical individuals in making decisions. There were three primary tasks for this project:
Unreal Engine 4 has imported a file with an OSM map (UE4). A data stream has been created to convert OSM files to UE4 uasset files, according to StreepMap and the RuntimeMeshComponent plugin.
Users can highlight various items with various features on the overview map in this mode, including different building levels, the top speed limit, hotel star ratings, amenity categories, and retail categories.
A virtual environment has been developed to enhance immersion and user experience. The HTC VIVE controller allows users to explore city maps independently. A new interactive interface has been created for this project. With the aid of this method, urban planning initiatives can be pretested before being put into action.
This project's main contribution is developing an application to aid pertinent staff members in managing and planning urban data. Based on this research, urban spatial planning could cut costs by using virtual reality 3D modeling, data integration, and VR interaction.
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