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This file contains three figures and six tables. ANALYTICAL METHODS Major elements: Whole-rock major element compositions of the phyllite and dunite were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) using a Philips MagiXPRO spectrometer on fused discs. Major element compositions of melts and minerals were obtained by CAMECA SX-100 electron microprobe (EMP) at the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, with operating conditions of generally 15 kV accelerating voltage and 20 nA beam current. Counting times were 10 s for peaks, and 5 s for each background. The peaks were calibrated by measurements of standards (natural minerals and synthetic oxides). For mineral phases a beam diameter of 1 μm was used, which was increased to 5 μm for the analysis of quenched melt areas. Trace elements: Trace elements were analysed by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at Macquarie University. For phyllite and dunite, rock powders were melted to form glass beads without any fluxing agent on an iridium strip heater in an argon atmosphere and analyzed by laser sampling of the glasses. All analyses used 266 nm Nd-YAG laser coupled to an Agilent 7500ce ICP-MS. The laser was operated at a repetition rate of 5 Hz, with laser energy at the sample site of 5-6 J/cm2, allowing data collection from individual grains in polished thick sections (up to 80 μm thickness) for at least 40 s. Nitrogen was mixed with helium before ablated materials were introduced into the ICP-MS. Data were measured for 60 s plus 30 s background with beam sizes of 30 μm and 50 μm for most samples, 80 μm for some large-grained melt pools, 15 μm and 20 μm for a few small-grained accessory phases and melt samples from experiments. 29 Si and 44 Ca were used as the internal standards applying the Si and Ca concentrations previously determined by electron microprobe. For calibration, NIST SRM 610 was analysed at the beginning and after every 20 measurements on the unknown samples. The time-resolved signal was processed using the program GLITTER 4.4.1 (www.glitter-gemoc.com, Macquarie University), applying the preferred values for NIST SRM 610 reported in the GeoReM database (http://georem.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/) (Jochum et al., 2011). Analytical uncertainty (one sigma) for a spot analysis or line scan was less than 10 %. During each run the basaltic USGS BCR-2G reference glass was analysed as an unknown to monitor accuracy and reproducibility of the analyses. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD All experiments were performed in a 0.5-inch piston-cylinder apparatus based on a modified Boyd-England design at Macquarie University (Boyd and England, 1960). Furnace assemblies (12.7 mm diameter) were made of graphite with cylindrical talc outer sleeve and pyrex® inner sleeve and BN inserts. Temperatures were measured using Pt-Pt 90 Rh 10 thermocouples and automatically controlled by an Electromax V single loop controller. Samples were welded into a 4 by 4 mm Ag 70 /Pd 30 capsule with a wall thickness of 0.2 mm, minimizing iron loss...

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AbstractA painful neuroma is a common complication of a peripheral nerve injury or amputation, and it can cause tremendous pain that is resistant to most analgesics. Furthermore, painful neuromas have a high postoperative recurrence rate. Painful neuromas are often accompanied by functional disorders, drastically reducing the patient’s quality of life. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain this type of neuropathic pain, including peripheral and central sensitisation and the involvement of nerve growth factor, α-smooth muscle actin, the cannabinoid CB2 receptor and structural changes in neuroma fibres. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of neuroma-associated pain are not fully understood, contributing to the challenge of managing patients with painful neuromas. There are several effective treatment methods, although none are universally accepted. This review summarises the common mechanisms and treatments of painful neuromas, attempting to link the mechanisms and treatments. We hope to provide useful guidelines for choosing the appropriate treatment for the management of painful neuromas.

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We have previously reported that cell-seeded alginate hydrogels (AHs) with anisotropic capillaries can restore the continuity of the spinal cord and support axonal regeneration in a rat model of acute partial spinal cord transection. Whether similar effects can be found after transplantation into sites of complete chronic spinal cord transections without additional growth-promoting stimuli has not been investigated. We therefore implanted AHs into the cavity of a chronic thoracic transection following scar resection (SR) 4 weeks postinjury and examined electrophysiological and functional recovery as well as regeneration of descending and ascending projections within and beyond the AH scaffold up to 3 months after engraftment. Our results indicate that both electrophysiological conductivity and locomotor function are significantly improved after AH engraftment. SR transiently impairs locomotor function immediately after surgery but does not affect long-term outcomes. Histological analysis shows numerous host cells migrating into the scaffold channels and a reduction of fibroglial scaring around the lesion by AH grafts. In contrast to corticospinal axons, raphaespinal and propriospinal descending axons and ascending sensory axons regenerate throughout the scaffolds and extend into the distal host parenchyma. These results further support the pro-regenerative properties of AHs and their therapeutic potential for chronic SCI in combination with other strategies to improve functional outcomes after spinal cord injury.

This study examines the impact of CEO foreign experience on corporate sustainable development from the angle of firm green innovation. Using manually collected data of CEOs' foreign experience, we find that CEO foreign experience is positively associated with firm green innovation in China. The positive relationship between CEO foreign experience and green innovation (including green invention patents and green utility model patents) is more significant when the firm is state owned, when the firm has better corporate governance, and when the firm is subject to a better institutional environment. Further analyses indicate that both foreign work and foreign educational experiences matter; relative to experiences gained in underdeveloped countries, those related to developed economies tend to be more influential in facilitating green innovation. Finally, the documented association is robust to a series of robustness checks, including propensity score matching, instrumental variable approach, Heckman two‐stage model, and the inclusion of firm fixed effects. Overall, this paper contributes to the upper echelons perspective, and it also offers clear practical implications through showing that hiring returnee CEOs can enhance firms' sustainable development, which could be of interest to policy makers in other emerging markets.