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Background: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has been demonstrated to influence the keloid recurrence rate after surgery and to relieve keloid symptoms and other pathological processes in keloids. To explore the mechanism of the effect of HBOT on keloids, tumor immune gene expression and immune cell infiltration were studied in this work. Methods: From February 2021 to April 2021, HBOT was carried out on keloid patients four times before surgery. Keloid tissue samples were collected and divided into an HBOT group (keloid with HBOT before surgery [HK] group, n = 6) and a non-HBOT group (K group, n = 6). Tumor gene expression was analyzed with an Oncomine Immune Response Research Assay kit. Data were mined with R package. The differentially expressed genes between the groups were compared. Hub genes between the groups were determined and verified with Quantitative Real-time PCR. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed based on CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis of gene expression and verified with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the HK group. There were 178 upregulated genes and 217 downregulated genes. Ten hub genes were identified, including Integrin Subunit Alpha M ( ITGAM ), interleukin ( IL )- 4 , IL-6 , IL-2 , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type C ( PTPRC), CD86 , transforming growth factor ( TGF), CD80 , CTLA4 , and IL-10 . CD80 , ITGAM , IL-4 , and PTPRC with significantly downregulated expression were identified. IL-10 and IL-2 were upregulated in the HK group but without a significant difference. Infiltration differences of CD8 lymphocyte T cells, CD4 lymphocyte T-activated memory cells, and dendritic resting cells were identified with gene CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm analysis. Infiltration levels of CD4 lymphocyte T cell in the HK group were significantly higher than those of the K group in IHC verification. Conclusion: HBOT affected tumor gene expression and immune cell infiltration in keloids. CD4 lymphocyte T cell, especially activated memory CD4 + T, might be the key regulatory immune cell, and its related gene expression needs further study.

Obesity is a chronic and complex psychosomatic disease that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. This study aimed to analyze whole methylation profiles to uncover the epigenetic mechanisms associated with obesity. DNA methylation profiles in blood samples from patients with obesity and normal controls were studied using the Illumina 850 K methylation microarray. The diagnostic value of the differentially methylated genes was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The expression of selected candidate genes was verified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and pyrosequencing. A total of 9,371 significantly differentially methylated sites (7,974 hypermethylated sites and 1,397 hypomethylated sites) were identified in 4,571 genes. A difference in the distribution of differentially methylated sites (hypermethylated and hypomethylated) in both gene structures and CpG islands was observed. A total of 114 key differentially methylated sites were identified in the CpG islands. ROC results indicated that Inhibin Subunit Beta B (INHBB), Homeobox A9 (HOXA9), Troponin T3 (TNNT3), Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)responsive element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and Zinc finger and BTB domaincontaining 7 B (ZBTB7B) could discriminate patients with obesity from normal controls. RT-qPCR results of CRTC1 and ZBTB7B were consistent with our methylation profile results. The pyrosequencing results showed that the methylation levels of CRTC1 CpG sites (CpG1 and CpG2-cg11660071) and INHBB CpG sites (CpG2) were significantly changed in patients with obesity compared with normal controls, which was consistent with our DNA methylation profile results. Our study provides new insights into the pathological mechanism of obesity.

There is concern over the impact of global warming on rice production due increased heat stress, coupled with decreased relative humidity (RH). It is unknown how rice yield and quality are affected by heat stress and decreased RH during the grain filling stage. We conducted experiments in controlled growth chambers on six rice cultivars, varying in heat tolerance using 12 combinative treatments of three factors: two RH levels (75% and 85%), three temperature levels (the daily maximum temperature at 33 °C, 35 °C, and 37 °C), and two durations (8 d and 15 d after anthesis). Results showed that RH75% with temperature treatments significantly reduced grain weight, which was higher than RH85%. The same trend was also observed for both head rice rate and chalkiness. R168 was the most heat-tolerant cultivar, but it still had some differences in grain weight, head rice rate, and chalkiness between the two RH regimes. The lower RH was most detrimental at 35 °C, and to a lesser extent at 33 °C, but had a negligible effect at 37 °C. Our results provide a better understanding of temperature and RH’s interaction effects on rice quality during the grain filling stage, suggesting that RH should be considered in heat tolerance screening and identification to facilitate rice breeding and genetic improvement.

Background: Surgical techniques and graft materials are important factors for short nose lengthening in both primary and revision rhinoplasty in Asian patients. Other subunit of the nose need to be improved as well to achieve aesthetic perfection. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 98 patients who underwent primary and revision rhinoplasty for moderate to severe short nose deformity from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Nasal elongation was achieved via an open rhinoplasty approach using autologous costal cartilage exclusively for grafting. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated by anthropometric measurement and satisfaction assessment from patients and physicians. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 10.6 months. In both primary and revision cases, nasal length relative to preoperative measurements increased significantly, while nasal tip projection did not differ significantly. Columellar-facial angle and nasofrontal angle decreased significantly in both groups. Both physicians and patients reported improvement in aesthetic outcomes. Conclusions: Aesthetic satisfaction was reported from both patients and physicians. Autologous costal cartilage is an ideal graft material that offers strong structural support. Caudal septal extension graft using autologous costal cartilage sandwiched by extended spreader grafts achieve satisfactory lengthening of the central compartment and also increase nasal tip projection and rotation.

Therapeutic, V.

Rhinoplasty to reshape the nasal tip is increasingly popular among Chinese women. Aesthetic standards vary across different ethnic groups and it is key to identify preferences for the ideal nasal tip in China to set surgical goals. Therefore, we administered an online survey to plastic surgeons and the public through social media to rank nasal tip images by aesthetic preference. Images were created from a single photograph to show various dimensions of nasal tip projection to nasal dorsum length ratio (NTP/NDL) and nasal labial angle (NLA). Preferences were compared by age, sex, living area, ethnic background, occupation, and history of plastic procedures on respondents' preferences. Overall, there were 703 respondents, including 441 (63%) women and 50 plastic surgeons. Nasal tip projection to nasal dorsum length ratio of 0.63 was ranked highest by all demographic groups, including women (47%), men (50%), and plastic surgeons (66%). Nasal labial angle of 1068 was first choice overall and preferred by 34%, 34%, and 52%, respectively. Preferences followed a bell curve for NTP/NDL and NLA, with lower rates of preference as parameters diverged further from the first choice. The preference for NTP/NDL of 0.63 and NLA of 1068 was conserved across surgeons, lay people, and all demographic groups. The authors suggest that these proportions could be used as reference for preoperative design in rhinoplasty.