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The microstructural evolution of Fe-0.2C-5Mn steel during intercritical annealing with holding time for up to 144 hours was examined by TEM and STEM. It was demonstrated by TEM that the martensite lath structure gradually transformed into a lamellar ferrite and austenite duplex structure. The partitioning of manganese from ferrite to austenite was found by STEM. Typical Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship between austenite lath and ferrite lath was observed by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). Based on the analysis of the austenite lath thckening behavior, it was proposed that the Mn-partitioning in austenite dominated the microstructure evolution of the ultrafine lamellar ferrite and austenite duplex structure during annealing process.

Affected by the dramatic growth in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and the gradual withdrawal of informal collectors, the traditional collection system appears to be undergoing an unprecedented decline in China. However, more than fifty internetbased collection entities have been founded in the past two years in China, reflecting the increased fusion of digital technology and traditional industries. Since these enterprises fully utilize digital technology, dynamic and profitable business ecosystems have been established to boost development. In this paper, two typical internet-based collection enterprises are chosen to represent the C2B (customer to business) and B2B (business to business) online collection models in China, allowing a comparative case study to be performed. The objective of this research is to analyze the structures, digital empowerment activities, and types of WEEE collection business ecosystems. One key result of our study is our map of the structure of WEEE collection business ecosystems, including the identification of key actors, such as suppliers, customers, online platforms, intermediaries and complementors, as well as the definition of links, such as information, material and money flow. The focal platform facilitates other actors by providing structural, psychological and resource empowerment. However, these business ecosystems differ in various ways, including with respect to the role of actors, the direction of information, material and money flow, the intensity of digital empowerment and platform position. Therefore, two types of business ecosystems are generalized: embedded business ecosystems and central business ecosystems. This study not only contributes to the existing business ecosystem literature by introducing digital empowerment but also expands the application areas of digital empowerment by investigating internet-based collection entities in China. Our results are theoretically important and have implications for the practical development of internet-based collection enterprises.

The modified attachment energy model was employed to predict cefaclor dihydrate morphology. Meanwhile, the mechanism and the effect of solvent and supersaturation on the crystal morphology were also proposed. A molecular dynamics simulation was applied to investigate the interactions of cefaclor dihydrate crystal faces with the pure solvent model and the solution model. The mechanism of solvent effects on the different faces was elaborated by discussing the surface structure and the adsorption of the crystal, while the effect of supersaturation was considered from the aspect of molecular recognition. The radial distribution function analysis was introduced to explore the adsorption behaviors of solvent and solute molecules. From the mean square displacement of solvent and solute molecules, the growth shape was affected by the solvent and solute diffusion capacity. The results suggested that the morphology evolution is due to the subtle competition of the molecular adsorptions between the solute and solvent.