Standard Work (SW) focuses on reducing variability and waste based on three conceptual elements: takt-time, work sequence, and work-in-process. Considering the importance of SW implementation in the Construction Industry, there is a need for adapting the conceptual elements due to differences between the production systems. This paper discusses the singularities of SW concepts adaptation in construction processes and proposes four implementation rules. A participatory case study was conducted aimed at the implementing SW in the construction of the reinforced concrete structure of a 26-floor residential building developed by a Brazilian construction company. This process is characterized by long cycle time, a great number of interrelated operations performed by workers with specialized skills who traditionally have autonomy in organizing their work. The singularities refer to the adaptation of the conceptual elements to the context investigated and resulted in four rules to implement SW in the construction industry: (a) define daily work packages as a control parameter due to the long takt-time; (b) focus the specifications of standard work sequences on the team, allowing space for autonomous decisions; (c) establish batches' size prioritising the sharing of resources between work packages; and (d) define specifications for transporting and storing resources since there are constant modifications of the workstations.
Resumopadronização é uma ferramenta de gestão voltada para a redução da variabilidade no processo produtivo. No contexto do Sistema Toyota de Produção (STP), a padronização é efetivada por meio do Trabalho Padronizado (TP). Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo propor as especificações que devem compor um padrão para processos produtivos da construção civil a partir da adaptação do conceito de TP. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em canteiro de obra, na etapa executiva de estrutura de concreto armado, em uma construtora da cidade de Londrina/PR. Os elementos constituintes do TP puderam ser detectados no contexto da construção, porém algumas adaptações mostraram-se necessárias, resultando em especificações que contêm os três componentes do padrão citados na literatura: meta, restrições e método. A definição de metas mostrou-se válida por direcionar o estabelecimento do método. As especificações do método mostraram-se mais abrangentes do que aquelas citadas na literatura do STP, incluindo especificações relativas aos kits de recursos para cada pacote de trabalho e à forma de transporte e armazenagem dos mesmos nos postos de trabalho. Por outro lado, os resultados apontaram para um menor grau de detalhamento da rotina de operações padrão, tendo como foco o trabalho em equipe. Apesar das particularidades da construção civil, o TP mostrou-se como uma ferramenta potencialmente eficaz para a redução da variabilidade no processo produtivo. Palavras Abstract Standardization is a management tool aimed at reducing variability in the production process. In the context of the Toyota Production System (TPS), Standardized Work (SW) is the way standardization is put into practice. This research study aims to propose specifications to create a standard for production processes in construction through
Technologies such as virtual reality and augmented reality are recognized by the construction industry as promising tools for visualization and simulation of the workplace. Regarding occupational safety education for undergraduate students, simulations and immersive experiences on the construction site can be useful resources to accomplish better understanding, especially concerning risk identification. This article aims to evaluate the acceptance and adaptation of civil engineering academic students in the use of virtual and augmented reality for the safety management of construction sites. An expository class of nine hours divided into three meetings was used to present concepts regarding virtual and augmented reality and their uses into the civil construction industry. Then, the students had to develop resources using these technologies to improve safety management in construction sites. Organized in groups, they presented their proposals to each other, experimenting with virtual and augmented reality mobile apps for various areas and activities on the construction site. Three proposals developed by the students were selected to be better detailed in this article. Analyzing these proposals, it was concluded that the students had improved their abilities to identify risks at the workplace, choose adequate personal protective equipment and develop strategies for training employees regarding safety practices.
Fast Construction é caracterizada pelo curto prazo de execução, alta qualidade e jornadas de trabalho no período noturno. Conhecer ferramentas que resultem na melhoria da gestão aumentam as chances de sucesso do projeto. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor recomendações para elaboração do orçamento operacional utilizando a Estrutura Analítica de Projeto. O estudo foi realizado na área de orçamentos e gestão de projetos de uma construtora que atua com obras rápidas e resultou num conjunto de recomendações que permite a elaboração do orçamento operacional e facilidade na gestão por meio de uma linguagem padrão e simples.
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