Accurate
diagnosis and precise and effective treatment are currently
the two magic weapons for dealing with cancer. However, a single marker
is often associated with multiple cellular events, which is not conducive
to accurate diagnosis, and overly mild treatment methods often make
the treatment effect unsatisfactory. In this paper, we construct a
Au/Pd octopus nanoparticle–DNA nanomachine (Au/Pd ONP–DNA
nanomachine) as a fully automatic diagnosis and treatment logic system.
In this system, multiple DNA components are targeting detection units,
Au/Pd ONPs act as carriers, and Au/Pd ONPs with an 808 nm laser is
the treatment unit. In order to achieve the purpose of precise treatment,
we will detect two secondary markers under the premise of detecting
one major tumor marker. When all of the designated targets are detected
(the logic system input is (1, 1, 1), and the output is (1, 1)), the
808 nm laser can be programmed to automatically radiate tumors and
perform photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. In
vivo and in vitro experiments show that
this logic system not only can accurately identify tumor cells but
also has considerable therapeutic effects.
A challenge in developing an in-depth understanding of the crack growth resistance of Additively Manufactured materials is the fact that their mechanical properties have been shown to be both process and part-geometry dependent. Up to now, no studies have investigated the influence of off-axis (beyond the three orthogonal build orientations) orientations on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V. Furthermore, the widespread use of compact tension specimens for investigating the material behaviour generates data more suitable for plane-strain conditions, rather than the plane-stress state which is more applicable to many lightweight aerospace structures. To address this gap in knowledge, a comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the influence of off-axis build direction in thin SLM Ti-6Al-4V plates, with a focus on the influence of columnar grain orientation on the fatigue crack growth behaviour. It was found that although a macroscopic columnar grain structure is visible on the specimens, it had no discernible influence on the crack growth resistance when the specimen had undergone a stress relieving or HIP heat treatment.
Hydrogen therapy, an emerging therapeutic
strategy, has recently
attracted much attention in anticancer medicine. Evidence suggests
that hydrogen (H2) can selectively reduce intratumoral
overexpressed hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to break the redox homeostasis
and thereby lead to redox stress and cell damage. However, the inability
to achieve stable hydrogen storage and efficient hydrogen delivery
hinders the development of hydrogen therapy. Furthermore, oxygen (O2) deficiency in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the electron–hole
separation inefficiency in photosensitizers have severely limited
the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, a smart PdH@MnO2/Ce6@HA (PHMCH) yolk–shell nanoplatform is designed
to surmount these challenges. PdH tetrahedrons combine stable hydrogen
storage and high photothermal conversion efficiency of palladium (Pd)
nanomaterials with near-infrared-controlled hydrogen release. Subsequently,
the narrow bandgap semiconductor manganese dioxide (MnO2) and the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) are introduced into the
PHMCH nanoplatform. Upon irradiation, the staggered energy band edges
in heterogeneous materials composed of MnO2 and Ce6 can
efficiently facilitate electron–hole separation for increasing
singlet oxygen (1O2). Moreover, MnO2 nanoshells generate O2 in TME for ameliorating hypoxia
and further improving O2-dependent PDT. Finally, the hyaluronic
acid-modified PHMCH nanoplatform shows negligible cytotoxicity and
selectively targets CD44-overexpressing melanoma cells. The synergistic
antitumor performance of the H2-mediated gas therapy combined
with photothermal and enhanced PDT can explore more possibilities
for the design of gas-mediated cancer therapy.
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