ResumoIntrodução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é muito prevalente e representa um importante problema de saúde pública. O maior conhecimento dos fatores de risco relacionados à progressão da DRC permite adotar estratégias terapêuticas que podem alterar o curso natural da doença. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais à admissão nos desfechos de óbito e início de terapia renal substitutiva (TRS). Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, composta de 211 pacientes adultos com DRC nos estágios 3-5 tratados, acompanhados por 56,6 ± 34,5 meses. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 65,4 ± 15,1 anos, sendo 63,5% com > 60 anos. As principais etiologias de DRC foram nefroesclerose hipertensiva (29%) e doença renal diabética (DRD) (17%). A maioria dos pacientes encontravase no estágio 4 da DRC (47,3%). A perda média anual de taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi 0,6 ± 2,5 mL/min/1,73 m 2 (mediana 0,7 mL/min/1,73 m 2 ). Após os ajustes para as variáveis demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais, concluiu-se que apresentar DRD [risco relativo (RR) 4,4; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%, 1,47-13,2; p = 0,008] foi preditor de TRS e a idade (RR 1,09; IC 95%, 1,04-1,15; p < 0,0001) e o não tratamento com bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina (BRA) (RR 4,18; IC 95%, 1,34-12,9; p = 0,01) foram preditores de ób-ito. A sobrevida renal e a geral dos pacientes foram de 70,9% e 68,6%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Neste estudo, os pacientes com DRC nos estágios 3-5 tratados conservadoramente apresentaram estabilização funcional e baixa mortalidade, desfechos associados à DRD, idade e não tratamento com BRA. Palavras-chave: Insuficiência renal crônica. Progressão da doença. Fatores de risco. AbstRActIntroduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a very common condition that has become a public health issue. Knowing more about risk factors associated with the progression of CKD allows therapeutic interventions that may change the natural course of the disease. Objective: To evaluate the impact of clinical and laboratory variables at admission on the outcomes death and need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods: A retrospective cohort study comprised of 211 adult patients with stages 3-5 CKD, followed-up for 56.6 ± 34.5 months. Results: Mean age of patients was 65.4 ± 15.1 years and 63.5% were > 60 years. The main causes of CKD were hypertensive nephrosclerosis (29%) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (17%). Most patients (47.3%) were on stage 4 CKD. The mean annual loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 0.6 ± 2.5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (median 0.77 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) After the adjustments for demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, DKD [relative risk (RR) 4.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.47 to 13.2; p = 0.008] was predictive of RRT; age (RR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15; p < 0.0001) and the non-treatment with angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (RR 4.18, 95% CI, 1.34 to 12.9; p = 0.01) were predictors of death. Renal and patient survival rates were 70.9% and 68.6%, respectively. Conclusion: In t...

Original article GN, 4.4%; IgA nephropathy and lupus nephritis, 2.7% each. Primary GPs predominated (45.2%) as compared with other nephropathies. Conclusion: Nephrotic syndrome was the major indication for kidney biopsy. Regarding the kidney histological diagnoses, glomerular diseases predominated, in particular MN and hypertensive nephrosclerosis, findings compatible with previous studies in the area, but rarely assessed among us. It is clear that the diversity of diagnoses and differentiated treatments justify kidney biopsy for decision making in that group of patients.

Introdução: O termo ultrassonografia a beira do leito ou point of care (POCUS) tem sido utilizado para descrever o uso de ultrassons portáteis pelo médico quando do atendimento ao paciente. A POCUS está cada vez mais sendo integrada a prática médica como extensão do exame físico tradicional. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência da implementação do ensino da POCUS no currículo de graduação da Faculdade de Medicina da UFJF. Relato de experiência: São descritos o processo e as condições de implementação da disciplina Ecografia Clínica (EC) I com os alunos do quarto período do curso de medicina da UFJF. Resultados: Avaliação cognitiva (AC) com opções de múltipla escolha, 88% dos estudantes obtiveram notas iguais ou superiores 80 pontos. Na AC de associação de imagens, o resultado foi ainda melhor, chegando 96% dos discentes com notas iguais ou superiores a 80 pontos (nenhum aluno obteve nota inferior a 60 pontos). No OSCE, o aproveitamento igual ou superior a 80 pontos foi alcançado por 92% dos alunos. Avaliação de satisfação com a disciplina EC I (escala do tipo Likert) pelos estudantes revelou que a maioria absoluta deles considera que a ultrassonografia melhorou a sua educação médica, melhorou a qualidade do seu exame físico e deveria ser mais inserida no currículo médico. Conclusão: a inserção da ultrassonografia no ensino de graduação em medicina é pedagogicamente adequada e aprovada pelos estudantes.

POCUS assessment of the renal tract may become the new standard of care among nephrologists by enabling the expansion of clinical information in a timely fashion, allowing faster resolution of cases and permitting the monitoring of the treatment done.

Cross-linked chitosan iron (III) is a chitin-derived polymer with a chelating effect on phosphorus, but it is untested in vascular calcification. We evaluated this compound's ability to reduce hyperphosphatemia and its effect on vascular calcification in uremic rats using an adenine-based, phosphorus-rich diet for seven weeks. We used a control group to characterize the uremia. Uremic rats were divided according the treatment into chronic kidney disease, CKD-Ch-Fe(III)CL (CKD-Ch), CKD-calcium carbonate, or CKD-sevelamer groups. We measured creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus excretion fraction, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23. Vascular calcification was assessed using the aortic calcium content, and a semi-quantitative analysis was performed using Von Kossa and hematoxylin-eosin staining. At week seven, rats in the chronic kidney disease group had higher creatinine, phosphorus, phosphorus excretion fraction, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, fibroblast growth factor 23, and aortic calcium content than those in the Control group. Treatments with cross-linked chitosan iron (III) and calcium carbonate prevented phosphorus increase (20%-30% reduction). The aortic calcium content was lowered by 88% and 85% in the CKD-Ch and CKD-sevelamer groups, respectively. The prevalence of vascular changes was higher in the chronic kidney disease and CKD-calcium carbonate (62.5%) groups than in the CKD-Ch group (37.5%). In conclusion, cross-linked chitosan iron (III) had a phosphorus chelating effect similar to calcium carbonate already available for clinical use, and prevented calcium accumulation in the aorta. Impact statement Vascular calcification (VC) is a common complication due to CKD-related bone and mineral disorder (BMD) and is characterized by deposition of calcium in vessels. Effective therapies are not yet available but new phosphorus chelators can prevent complications from CV. We tested the effect of chitosan, a new phosphorus chelator, on the VC of uremic animals. It has recently been proposed that chitosan treatment may be effective in the treatment of hyperphosphataemia. However, its action on vascular calcification has not been investigated yet. In this study, we demonstrated that chitosan reduced the calcium content in the aorta, suggesting that this may be a therapeutic approach in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia by preventing CV.