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Paper egg trays are widely used to transport eggs from farms to consumers. Unfortunately, pathogenic bacteria occur on egg trays, which are then transferred to eggs (Utrarachkij et al., 2012). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common types of pathogenic bacteria on eggs. Salmonella bacteria can survive on the outer surface of eggshell, potentially penetrating through the inner egg

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The effect of hydrothermal treatment at various temperatures (100 to 160 °C) and treatment times (30 to 720 minutes) on color changes (ΔE*), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), tensile strength (TS), shear strength (SS), brown-rot fungal decay mass loss (FML), and termite attack score (TAS) of rubberwood was examined. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a two-factor, four level (4 2 ) full factorial was employed. The mathematical models describing those properties as functions of treatment temperature and logarithm of treatment time were obtained. Hydrothermal treatment adversely and positively influenced mechanical properties (TS and SS) and durability (FML and TAS), respectively, of rubberwood. Strong correlations between ΔE*, TS, SS, and FML of hydrothermally treated rubberwood, proposed to be a consequence of degradation of hemicelluloses, were observed. Finally, ΔE* proved to be a good indicator of TS, SS, and FML but not that of EMC and TAS of hydrothermally treated rubberwood.

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