This review is aimed to present information on the properties of Piperaceae which can be
potentially used as a biopesticide. The chemical compounds involved in were different as
each species consist of different amount of secondary metabolites which then leads to
different properties. In recent years, several reports have been published regarding the
composition and the biological activities of the essential oils of Piper species. These
studies have highlighted the existence of marked chemical differences among oils
extracted from different species or varieties. Analysis of volatile constituents from
Piperaceae species has revealed the presence of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and
arylpropanoids that have shown interesting biological properties including cytotoxic,
fungistatic, insecticide, molluscicidal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Essential
oils are natural complex secondary metabolites characterized by strong odour, volatility
and have generally lower density than water. Due to their volatility, essential oils are
environmentally non-persistent. On top of that, essential oils are ‘generally recognized as
safe’ by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since technology has
become more advanced, people started to replace synthetic pesticide with bio-pesticide.
The demand for EO has increased as it has biological properties that can be used to
replace synthetic pesticide
Ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol crude extracts of the woods and twigs of Vatica pauciflora as well as the woods and the stem barks of Vatica lowii have been examined for their antioxidative properties. In this study, Diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) and Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods were used to determine the antioxidant properties of the crude extracts. A good correlation was observed among the DPPH, FTC and TBA results of the ethanol crude extract from the twigs of V. pauciflora (VTR) and acetone crude extract from the woods of V. lowii (VLBA). In conclusion, VTR and VLBA crude extracts had demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity compared to other crude extracts in their species respectively.
Cyperaceae family had been commonly found in rice field areas. This family consists of 3000 species and 220 of them were classified as weeds. The presence of secondary metabolites demonstrates that this family of weeds, despite being one of the most invasive species in the world, is capable of a variety of biological functions. In this study, the antioxidant analysis and potentially chemical compunds were identified on three weeds in Cyperaceae family: Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis miliacea, and Fimbristylis globulosa. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of the three species showed 25, 11, and 9 compounds respectively. This study focuses on the non-polar extraction. The methanol extracts of these three species were screened for antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH test. IC50 values for the extracts are 309.07 μg/ml (C. iria), 250.67 μg/ml (F. miliaea), and 623.82 μg/ml (F. globulosa).
Stress is either a negative or good psychological and physiological reaction to environmental demands. Stress is a common occurrence in the workplace and at institutions, regardless of age or gender, and it can either enhance or hinder performance. Students' academic performance can be enhanced by a moderate amount of stress; nevertheless, an excessive quantity of stress could be detrimental to their academic performance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of perceived stress on students' academic performance. The research sample consists of 300 pre-diploma students. This study also aims to investigate whether there is a significant difference in perceived stress levels between male and female pupils. Using Google Form, questionnaires were given to university pre-diploma students to collect data. The results demonstrated that while the majority of students have a higher grade point average or perform well academically despite having a moderate stress level, others have a lower grade point average or perform poorly academically as a result of their inability to control their stress level.
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