Aims Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer in the world. Due to the lack of effective treatments, the survival rate of CCA is low and it is usually considered difficult to diagnose early. To date, no effective strategies for the prevention of CCA have been developed. Statins are cholesterol‐lowering agents which possess pleiotropic properties and the use of statins may reduce cancer risk. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of statin use on the risk of CCA. Methods We used nationwide insurance data to perform a case–control study including 3174 CCA patients diagnosed in 2002–2011 and 3174 propensity score matched controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the association between CCA risk and statin use by type of statin and dose. Results Patients with CCA were slightly younger than controls with mean ages of 67.4 (SD 12.3) and 68.5 (SD 13.2) years (P = 0.001), respectively, and had less users of statins (22.7 vs. 26.5%, P < 0.001). The overall adjusted OR of statin use associated CCA was 0.80 (95% CI 0.71, 0.90) and lowered for those with longer medications. The OR ranged from 0.65 to 0.77. Stronger dose–response association was seen when using lovastatin. Conclusions Statin use is associated with reduced risk of CCA and there is a dose–response relationship between the use of statins and risk of CCA.