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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) supported Nickel (Ni) catalyst was prepared using wet impregnation method. A series of Ni/HAp catalysts have been prepared by varying the amount of nickel viz., 3, 6 and 12 %. The highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 92.18 m 2 /g was noticed for a catalyst composition containing 3% nickel loading. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed a smooth and compact morphology with increasing the nickel loading in the catalyst composition. The performance of the prepared catalysts have been evaluated in steam reforming glycerol process. The percentage hydrogen yield found to depend on water to glycerol ratio employed in the steam reforming process. The catalyst containing 3% nickel content and a water to glycerol ratio of 8:1 has showed a maximum hydrogen yield of 82.2%.

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The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient of ethanol-soluble substances from ground cloves (particle size 250 l.tm) during extraction was estimated by fitting batch extraction data at several temperatures (27.8, 40, 50, and 60~ to a previously developed mass transfer model. The model was based on spherical geometry of particles. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to develop an equation that describes the diffusivity as a function of temperature. The temperature dependence of D A was of the Arrhenius type.Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), a phenolic compound in cloves, acts as an antioxidant on oleogenous foods, as an anticarminative, antispasmodic, and as an antimicrobial agent (1-3). The diffusivity is an important transport property for predicting the mass transfer coefficients and is useful for the design of mass transfer equipment. Experimentally determined diffusivity data are used if they are available. However, up-to-date literature searches have revealed little information on experimental studies on the diffusion coefficient of ethanolsoluble eugenol-containing substances of cloves. This work investigates the temperature dependence of diffusivity of soluble substances during alcohol extraction of cloves and establishes an equation for the diffusion coefficient of alcohol-soluble substances of clove as a function of temperature.

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