The Malaysian Society for Quality in Health (MSQH), recommended a rejection rate of less than 1%. Many studies reported rejection rates of 0.1% to 3.49%. This study was conducted at the UiTM Medical Specialist Centre from January 2019 to October 2019. The blood bank and haematology workstation both rejected 84 (5.7%) and 560 (3.38%) samples, respectively. The main causes of sample rejection were clotted and lysed samples. Most of the rejected samples came from the wards, followed by the emergency department. This study showed the need for improvement in venipuncture techniques and types of equipment.Keywords: Rejection rates; Sample rejection; Quality of care; Tertiary centreeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2104

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has been recognised as a common global health problem that affects more than 1.2 billion people worldwide, particularly in high-risk individuals such as young children, pre-menopausal women, and pregnant women. In most cases, IDA arises due to the prolonged effect of iron deficiency (ID). On the other hand, it has been estimated that iron deficiency without anaemia is more frequent nowadays. Apart from the lack of nutrients, infections and inflammatory diseases, genetic factors can also be another factor that drives iron instability in the blood, leading to IDA. Previous studies, including genome-wide association studies, have identified multiple transmembrane protease serine 6 (TMPRSS6) genetic variants associated with different iron parameters, especially variants contributing to an increase in hepcidin level, low blood, and iron status. Despite multiple studies on TMPRSS6 gene polymorphisms, fewer studies are reported among the Asian population. Thus, further association studies of TMPRSS6 genetic polymorphisms between ID and IDA are warranted among the Asian population. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the causative TMPRSS6 genetic variants and their roles associated with iron deficiency among the global population.