Clinical syndromes are occasionally misdiagnosed as to their etiology and pathophysiologic mechanisms thereby causing errors in therapeutic management. It is appropriate to report a type of pathologic disorder which is not regarded as occurring frequently but is more common than generally recognized. The patient with seizures, or headache or mental symptoms may have many etiologic factors. The clinical diagnosis may be difhcult, a wide variety of clinical manifestations, often misleading, may occur and the disorder may be severely disabling. The prognosis and treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis. At times the prognosis is poor or there is little benefit from therapy so it is vital for the therapeutic regime and the patient's welfare that factors in the differential diagnosis be evaluated and stressed.Headache is a common symptom and may be due to relatively minor or severe and life threatening pathology. A hemiplegia may be due to other pathology than the so-called &dquo;stroke&dquo;. Proptosis is frequently associated with the metabolic disorder of hyperthyroidism. Subarachnoid hemorrhage can be due to trauma or a ruptured intra-cranial aneurysm. Seizures which present without focal or objective neurologic signs are not always idiopathic. Mental and personality changes appearing in adult life may not be due to senility (premature aging) or an idiopathic psychiatric disorder. I would like to suggest that each of these symptoms alone or in combination may be due to a single pathologic condition.. The usual symptoms of arteriovenous malformation are well known. 1-4 They include focal, generalized and psychomotor convulsions; hemorrhage; headache ; abnormal behaviour; deterioration of sensorium and higher intellectual functions; and other less frequent neurologic signs and symptoms. With relatively slow bleeding, local cerebral irritation or shunting of blood away from other areas a wide variety of clinical syndromes may occur. A plea is made to include arteriovenous malformation in the differential diagnosis of almost any serious cerebral disorder. A few case reports will illustrate the varied clinical syndromes.(1) This 57 year old male was admitted to the VA Hospital for pulmonary tuberculosis on 12-18-60. He was treated with INH and afterwards noted some
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