Stratospheric aerosol geoengineering focused on the Arctic could substantially reduce local and worldwide impacts of anthropogenic global warming. Because the Arctic receives little sunlight during the winter, stratospheric aerosols present in the winter at high latitudes have little impact on the climate, whereas stratospheric aerosols present during the summer achieve larger changes in radiative forcing. Injecting SO2 in the spring leads to peak aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the summer. We demonstrate that spring injection produces approximately twice as much summer AOD as year‐round injection and restores approximately twice as much September sea ice, resulting in less increase in stratospheric sulfur burden, stratospheric heating, and stratospheric ozone depletion per unit of sea ice restored. We also find that differences in AOD between different seasonal injection strategies are small compared to the difference between annual and spring injection.
Abstract. Solar climate intervention using stratospheric aerosol injection
is a proposed method of reducing global mean temperatures to reduce the
worst consequences of climate change. A detailed assessment of responses and
impacts of such an intervention is needed with multiple global models to
support societal decisions regarding the use of these approaches to help
address climate change. We present a new modeling protocol aimed at
simulating a plausible deployment of stratospheric aerosol injection and
reproducibility of simulations using other Earth system models: Assessing
Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with
stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI). The protocol and simulations
are aimed at enabling community assessment of responses of the Earth system
to solar climate intervention. ARISE-SAI simulations are designed to be more
policy-relevant than existing large ensembles or multi-model simulation
sets. We describe in detail the first set of ARISE-SAI simulations,
ARISE-SAI-1.5, which utilize a moderate emissions scenario, introduce
stratospheric aerosol injection at ∼21.5 km in the year 2035, and
keep global mean surface air temperature near 1.5 ∘C above the
pre-industrial value utilizing a feedback or control algorithm. We present
the detailed setup, aerosol injection strategy, and preliminary
climate analysis from a 10-member ensemble of these simulations carried out
with the Community Earth System Model version 2 with the Whole Atmosphere
Community Climate Model version 6 as its atmospheric component.
Abstract. Solar climate intervention using stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed method of reducing global mean temperatures to reduce some of the consequences of climate change. A detailed assessment of responses and impacts of such an intervention is needed with multiple global models to support societal decisions regarding the use of these approaches to help address climate change. We present here a new modeling protocol and a 10-member ensemble of simulations using one of the most comprehensive Earth system models, aimed at simulating a plausible deployment of stratospheric aerosol injection and reproducibility of simulations using other Earth system models to enable community assessment of responses of the Earth system to solar climate intervention. The Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar climate intervention on the Earth system with stratospheric aerosol injection (ARISE-SAI) simulations utilize a moderate emission scenario, introduce stratospheric aerosol injection at ~ 21 km in year 2035, and keep global mean surface air temperature near 1.5 °C above the pre-industrial value (ARISE-SAI-1.5). We present here the detailed set-up, aerosol injection strategy, and mean surface climate changes in these simulations so they can be reproduced in other global models.
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